This paper deals with the problem of secret non-catholicism in the northeast Bohemia at the end of the first third of the 18th century and its connection with the religions movement of local serfs. It points out the role of reading religious literature like the Bible, prager-books and hymn-books on secret non-catholics meetings. That was an irreplaceable part of their speeches as was the role of religious legates from the milieu of Sorbian pietistical communities. A sudden abnormal concentration of religious emissaries in a small part of Opočno's manor, the spectre of newle smuggled books sold by emigrants even their apparent help with the formulation of requests of serfs to autorities and maybe the autorships of the creed of the religion gives evidence of a strong influence of emigration. In the Memorial's formal dogmatics we can find clear symptoms of the pietistical influence on the formulation of official request. We can assume that the text of the creed of the religion is not a local non-catholics production. It evidently grew out of a remarkably vague awareness of former faith of ancestors influenced by Lutheran pietism in the 18th century. The fading influence of the ideas of Czech reformations of 16th century can be seen even in the structure of non/catholic books. Contraband books prevails at the end of the first third of the 18* century. These books had a great influence on formalization of dogmatic that necessary to refer to the leading local figures of Opočno events that happened in the September of 1732. A use of catholics production was not an Exception. The reading of secret non/catholics in privat and meetings and its structure deals ill-definated dogmatics positions of this rural community.
We experimentally produced moderate water stress that reduced leaf, stem, root and fruit biomass of peppers, and severe nitrogen (N) limitations that almost stopped their development. Root/shoot ratios (R/S) were higher in N-limited plants. Low water availability (and also low N availability) produced lower stomatal conductance (g,). Specific leaf mass was higher and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration was lower under low N-availability. The same experimental conditions produced smaller differences among treatments in beans (with N-fixing symbionts). Water stress increased its relative importance as shown by the induced increase in root/shoot ratio. N stress was less important as shown by the absence of effects on Chl concentrations and g^. Both peppers and beans responded to limited availability of nitrogen and water by allocating to structures involved in uptake (roots), by longer organ duration, and by increasing the efficiency of N and water use.
During a 5-20 d growth at moderate salinity (7 dS m‘i) in rice seedlings of salt sensitive cultivars Ratna and Jaya a larger decrease in chlorophyll (Chl) a and b contents was observed than in tolerant cvs. CSR-1 and CSR-3. At higher salinity (14 dS m'i) about 40 % declines in both whole chain electron transport and photosystem (PS) 2 activities were observed in the tolerant cvs. and about 62 to 67 % declines in the sensitive ones. No apparent change in PSI activity was observed due to salinization in the both sets of cultivars. Higher rate of Hill reaction was observed in chloroplasts ffom salt stressed seedlings of tolerant cultivars whereas inhibition in this activity was found in the sensitive ones. Chloroplasts isolated from stressed seedlings of sensitive cultivars showed about 31 % reduction in fluorescence emission at 685 nm as well as a major decrease in absorption with shifts in peaks in the visible region of spectrum. Thus salt sensitivity in rice is associated with decreased contents of Chls and carotenoids, PS2 and Hill reaction activities, and fluorescence emission.
In the hypocotyls of Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. and R. apiculata Bl. during viviparous germination the concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl) and total sugars, and net photosynthetic rate (P^) were increased quadratically, while linear relationship existed between starch content and the developmental phase. R. apicuiata hypocotyls had a higher value of as well as higher Chl, sugar and starch contents than hypocotyls of R. mucronata.
When exposed to Y-radiation (12, 8 and 3.5 kGy), the growth of beán seedlings {Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was stopped and after some hours or days the plants began to wilt in a dose-dependent manner, starting from the leaf rim. The rate of the dark respiration {R) of leaves increased and that of net photosynthesis {P^ was strongly reduced. The regulation of stomata opening and closure was lost and the stomatal conductance (g^) of the y-ray exposed plants was strongly reduced. The reduced was only partly due to either the partial or almost Ml stomata closure. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurements with a two-wavelength fluorometer and a PAM fluorometer showed an increasingly reduced variable fluorescence Fy, lower values of Rfj, of ground fluorescence Fq, and of the fluorescence ratios Fy/F,n and Fy/F^. This indicated a damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. The increasing loss of photosynthetic pigments in the 350 krad exposed plants was also detected via an increase in the fluorescence ratio F690/F730. The performance of the light driven xanthophyll cycle (violaxanthin/zeaxanthin transformation) proceeded in the y-ray treated plants only at reduced rates. The y-ray damage of plants can best be detected by measurements of stomatal conductance, and various Chl fluorescence ratios such as Rf(j, Fy/Fj, and Fy/F^,.
Changes in the chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents and photosynthetic activity of leaves of three-year-old maple trees were studied under an extremely high irradiance (HI) (5 000 and 7 000 pmol m-2 s‘*) and subsequent low irradiance (LI) (10 pmol m-2 s‘*). Speciál attention was paid to a possible linear correlation between zeaxanthin (z) accumulation and the decrease in variable Chl fluorescence (ratio Fy/FnO during photoinhibitory treatment. Hl-induced violaxanthin (v) transformation into z was a fast one-step response proceeding within 2-5 min. Changes in the Chl a and b contents or in non-xanthophyll cycle Car were either not observed (30 min at 5 000 pmol m*2 s‘i) or a slight decline of the Chl a, lutein, 3-carotene and z contents only occurred at prolonged exposure (60 min at 7 000 pmol m'^ s'i)- Photosynthetic activity measured via the ratios (Fy/F^, Fy/F^, Rfj 690, Rfj 735) sank during this treatment to a much higher extent at 7 000 than at 5 000 pmol m'^ s'*. Ratios Fy/F<„ Rfd 690 and Rfj 735 proved to be better indicators of photoinhibition with a larger amplitudě ťhan the ratio Fy/F,„. Unlike literatuře reports, no linear correlation was found between Hl-induced decrease of fluorescence ratios and the z accumulation. Decrease of the fluorescence ratios appears to be biphasic in nátuře: fast initial fall which parallels the z formation is followed by a phase when ratios Fy/F^,, Fy/F^,, Rj^ 690 and Rf^ 735 sink further without any changes in the z pool. Regeneration of photosynthetic activity under LI also proceeded in two steps; a relatively fast increase in ratios with little or no changes in the z pool followed by a slow many hours' restoring of the former fluorescence ratios, paralleled by the z transformation into v. The back-reaction of z to v under LI was increasingly retarded with higher irradiance. Z formation and decrease in the fluorescence ratios are thus probably two Hl-induced processes which may be mutually independent.
CO2 (40, 200, 400 loM) was added to the root systém of 10-d-old pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Ran). The Co2'''-excess caused a reduction in the plant fresh and diy masses and water and chlorophyll contents. The rates of photosynthesis and transpiration decreased, while proline content and stomata resistance increased. The dramatic effect of Co2+-toxicity was expressed both in an inhibition of ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase activity and a stimulation of RuBP-oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities on the 4‘h day of cnltivation of plants in a solution of 400 pM C6^*.