The paper deals with the identification of the dative/non-dative interpretation of a non-prepositional noun (the head noun in a prepositional group) in a rule-based automatic morphological disambiguation of Czech sentences. Based on the valency considerations including syntactic functions of the complements of verbs (these functions being an object or an adverbial) and resulting in the lists of verbs having / not having object dative valency, negative and positive non-heuristic (safe) as well as heuristic rules are presented. The negative rules assign a noun a non-dative interpretation using a list of verbs that cannot tolerate a dative noun in their close vicinity, whereas the positive ones specify a given noun as being in the dative case on the basis of the verbs having an object dative valency, an object being either the only object of the verb, or its second indirect object. The paper deals only with the non-prepositional nouns which are much more difficult to disambiguate than the prepositional ones.
a1_Attention should be paid to ozone (O3) sensitivity of greening plant since ground-level O3 concentrations are increasing especially in urban and suburban area. We studied the ecophysiological responses to elevated O3 of four shrub species [Euonymus bungeanus Maxim. (EB), Photinia × fraseri (PF), Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxt. (CR) and Cornus alba L. (CA)], which are often used for garden greening in China. Saplings of those species were exposed to high O3 concentration (70 nmol mol-1, 7 h d-1 for 65 d) in open-top growth chambers. Responses to O3 were assessed by gas exchanges, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and dry mass. We found that elevated O3 significantly decreased lightsaturated net photosynthetic rate (PNsat), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs). The ratio of intercellular CO2 to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca) did not reduce under O3 fumigation which suggested that the O3-induced depressions of P Nsat under O3 fumigation were probably due to limitation of mesophyll processes rather than stomatal limitation. High O3 exposure also significantly depressed the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in the dark-adapted state (Fv/Fm) which meant the O3-induced photoinhibition. Both root dry mass and root/shoot ratios were significantly decreased under ozone fumigation, but the total mass was unchanged. The responses of gas exchange such as PNsat in these four shrubs to O3 exposure were species-specific. Highest loss of PNsat was observed in EB (-49.6%), while the CR had the lowest loss (-36.5%). Moreover, the O3-exposed CR showed similar gs as CF, reflecting that its O3 flux might be unchanged under elevated O3 environment. Ozone drastically decreased actual quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and electron transport rate (ETR) in EB while increased ΦPSII and ETR in CR., a2_Furthermore, the relative losses in P Nsat positively correlated with the relative decreases in ΦPSII and ETR which indicated that the impairment of photosynthesis was probably affected by the light reaction process. The light reaction of EB was impaired most seriously but that of CR was not damaged. All results indicated that EB was probably the most sensitive shrub species to O3 while CR the most tolerant one. Therefore, CR might be an ideal choice for greening in ozone-polluted areas., L. Zhang ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This article deals with germanisms in Czech. Frequencies of 26 different new High German loanwords were analyzed in the Czech National Corpus. These borrowed words were standing in competition with their Czech synonyms. This comparison is used to study the question of whether germanisms or their equivalents in Czech are more used by native speakers. For this analysis new High German loanwords were deliberately selected in order to verify the actuality of the topic. But the major part of the study was examined in a diachronic period. This shows not only the current situation but in most cases the frequency of the selected loanwords throughout their existence. The calculations of the average frequency are made for each century (since 1650), and also in the recent modern period (from 1947 to 2008). and Článek se zabývá germanizmy v češtině. Prostřednictvím Českého národního korpusu byly zjišťovány různé frekvence 26 novohornoněmeckých výpůjček a jim konkurujících českých synonym. Článek se na základě frekvenčních srovnání snaží odpovědět na otázku, zda čeští rodilí mluvčí preferují germanizmy či dávají přednost jejich českým ekvivalentům. Článek analyzuje nejen aktuální situaci, ale ve většině případů ukazuje frekvenci vybraných germanizmů z diachronního hlediska, po celou dobu jejich existence. Byla vypočtena průměrná frekvence za každé století (od roku 1650), včetně posledního moderního období (od roku 1947 do roku 2008).
We present a result on the stability of moving invariant manifolds of nonlinear uncertain impulsive differential-difference equations. The result is obtained by means of piecewise continuous Lyapunov functions and a comparison principle.
Painter M. Fischerová-Kvěchová (1892-1984), graduate of Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (1906-1913), draw inspiration mainly from folk art and children’s world. Their reflection permeated all areas of her Work. In her drawings, including illustrations, in paintings, as well as in textile works - in her fashion designs, in designs of “suits” for puppets, in designs of printed textiles. From the middle of the 1910’s she worked as a designer of fashions for children, ladies and also as designer of shoes for Prague cooperative „Zádruha". In this work she drew on her knowledge of patterns, colors, and decorations of folk costumes, gained through her explorational journeys in the Czech lands, to Slovakia and the Balkans. She made a great number of study drawings and high quality studies of costumes. In the year 1925 she was awarded a gold medal in the International exhibition of applied arts and industry in Paris for “textile works”. In the I920s and at the beginning of the 1930s she abandoned the Creative transpositions of folk costumes. Instead, she promoted the “style dress” concept. In other words, the envisioned the design of timeless quality, composed mainly on the basis of aesthetical and functional principles, supplemented by applied components of folk textiles (for example, embroidery). In the second half of the 1930s she designed more than thirty designs of “peculiar” printed textiles for prestigious textile company Josef Sochor of Králův Dvůr. Four of these were realized. Through this work, the painter wrested an important role in the “Czech peculiar” movement.