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34582. Slawenbilder. "Slawische Altertumskunde" im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert

Creator:
Brather, Sebastian
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
slovanská archeologie, dějiny archeologie, marxistická archeologie, středovýchodní Evropa, etnické paradigma, Slavic archaeology, history of archaeology, Marxist archaeology, Central & Eastern Europe, and ethnic paradigm
Language:
Czech
Description:
Eine „slawische Altertumskunde“, in jüngerer Zeit als „slawische Archäologie“ bezeichnet, entstand im 19. Jahrhundert parallel zu einer „germanischen Altertumskunde“. Beide lassen sich auf die romantische Suche nach den „eigenen“, nationalen Vorfahren zurückführen, gerieten aber zunehmend in nationalistisches Fahrwasser. Politische Konfrontationen der jeweiligen Gegenwart wurden in die frühgeschichtliche Vergangenheit projiziert. Die unterschiedlichen „Slawenbilder“ in der Archäologie werden nur aus der unablässigen, stets wertenden und aktualisierenden Gegenüberstellung mit den Germanen verständlich. Im folgenden werden einerseits diese „Leitbilder“, andererseits die Methoden-Entwicklung und Institutionalisierung der (frühgeschichtlichen) Archäologie im östlichen Deutschland, in Polen und in Böhmen während der letzten 200 Jahre erörtert. Dabei lassen sich vier Phasen unterschieden – eine „vaterländische Altertumskunde“ in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts (1), das „imperialistische Zeitalter“ im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert (2), eine „Radikalisierung“ zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen (3) und die „slawische Archäologie“ in den sozialistischen Ländern zwischen 1945 und 1990 (4). Deutlich wird die Abhängigkeit der Wissenschaftsentwicklung von der Zeitgeschichte. Die Zukunft werden daher neue Fragestellungen bestimmen. and THE PICTURE OF THE SLAVS: „SLAVIC ANTIQUARIANISM“ IN THE 19th – 20th CENTURIES. „Slavic antiquarianism“, later re-christened „Slavic archaeology“ originated in the first half of the 19th century in parallel with „Germanic antiquarianism“. Both were grounded in a romantic quest for „their“ national ancestors in a period of strong nationalism, while the political confrontation of the time was projected back into the past. The diversity of the „picture of the Slavs“ in archaeology is understandable only in connection with constant comparison to the Germans. While on the one hand assessing these „patterns“, the author also considers the development of methods and the institutionalisation of (Early Medieval) archaeology in the eastern part of Germany, Poland and Bohemia over the last 200 years. Within this framework, he distinguishes four phases: the „patriotic antiquarianism“ of the first half of the 19th century, the „Imperialist period“ of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the period of „radicalisation“ in the inter-War years, and the „Slavic archaeology“ of the Socialist states from 1945–1990. The dependence of the development of the discipline on historical conditions is evident; in the future, it will thus be necessary to define a new way of putting questions.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

34588. Sleep apnoea in patients with nocturnal hypertension: a multicenter study in the Czech Republic

Creator:
Milada Hobzová, Karel Šonka, Vítězslav Kolek, Placková, M, Jitka Zapletalová, Radvanský, M, Eva Kriegová, Jan Václavík, and Martin Pretl
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Sleep apnoea, Nocturnal hypertension, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Mallampati score, Epworth sleepiness scale, BMI, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Sleep apnoea (SA) is common in patients with hypertension. Nowadays, limited data on the prevalence of SA in nocturnal hypertension (NH) exist. Therefore, we studied the occurrence of SA in Czech patients and its association with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), breathing disturbances in sleep, anthropometric data, Mallampati score and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) using the Apnea Link device. Undiagnosed SA was found in 72.9 % patients (29.3 % mild, 26.6 % moderate, 17.0 % severe) of 188 patients with NH measured by ABPM. The median of the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was 12.0 (25th-75th percentile 5.0-23.8). Moderate/severe SA (AHI≥15) was associated with BMI, waist circumference, mean night saturation (SpO2), t90, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), ESS (daytime BP only) (p≤0.032), but not ABPM parameters and Mallampati score (p>0.09). A likelihood of moderate/severe SA was enhanced by ODI>14.5 events/h (odds ratio=57.49, 95 % CI=22.79-145.01), t90>6.5 % (8.07, 4.09-15.92), mean night SpO2<93.5 % (3.55, 1.92-6.59), BMI>29.05 kg/m2 (6.22, 3.10-12.49), circum waist>105.5 cm (3.73, 1.57-8.83), but not by any ABPM parameter. In conclusion, a high incidence of SA (72.9 %) was observed in Czech patients with NH. SA severity was associated with body characteristics and oxygenation parameters, but not with ABMP parameters and Mallampati score., M. Hobzová, K. Šonka, M. Pretl, J. Václavík, E. Kriegová, M. Radvanský, J. Zapletalová, M. Placková, V. Kolek., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

34589. Slepá dekonvoluce a super-resolution

Creator:
Filip Šroubek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, věda a společnost, digitální zpracování obrazu, disertace, science and society, digital image processing, dissertations, dekonvoluce, obhajoba disertace, téma disertace, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Pracovník Ústavu teorie informace a automatizace AV ČR Ing. Filip Šroubek, Ph.D., DSc., obhájil disertaci Multichannel Blind Image Restoration před komisí Informatika a kybernetika a získal vědecký titul „doktor fyzikálně-matematických věd“. Dr. Šroubek se dlouhodobě zabývá aspekty digitálního zpracování obrazu. V disertaci prezentoval nové řešení inverzního problému vícekanálové slepé dekonvoluce, které otevírá možnost aplikovat dekonvoluci v mnoha vědeckých disciplínách, kdy z několika nepřesných měření požadujeme rekonstruovat původní data. and Filip Šroubek.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

34590. Slepá ulička instituce nájemní domácí péče

Creator:
Uhde, Zuzana
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
emancipace, nájemní domácí péče, care, hired domestic work, distorted emancipation, 18, and 316
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article focuses on analyzing the institution of hired domestic care in the context of global connections of social relations and changing social forms of care. In the first part, the author introduces the social context in which the market model of care and transnational care practices partake in forming the process of distorted emancipation. In the second part, she focuses on feminist contentions about the meaning and possibilities of transformation of the institution of hired domestic care. In the third part, a systematic analysis of this institution is presented, examining forms of relationships between the domestic worker and the employer with a reference to institutional conditions and employers’ attitudes. With respect to the dimensions of personal/impersonal relationships and the degree of formalization of the relationship between the domestic worker and the employer, the author differentiates four major forms of relationships: paternalistic/maternalistic relationship, instrumental relationship, the relationship of contractual professionalization, and the relationship of personalism. These forms of relationships are connected with four possible attitudes towards domestic workers: subordination, fictive reification, valuation of achievement, and respect. On the basis of her analysis the author identifies drawbacks of the professionalization of hired domestic work and care as a solution to gender and social injustice emerging from this institution. At the end, the author outlines a public model of care as a starting point for a future exploration., Zuzana Uhde., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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