V údolí řeky Vltavy nedaleko Prahy v Centru výzkumu Řež s.r.o. byla vybudována nová gama ozařovna, která představuje svými technickými dispozicemi unikátní pracoviště v rámci České republiky. Prostřednictvím tohoto článku prozkoumáme možnosti nové technologie a zjistíme, na jaké vědecko-výzkumné úkoly a aplikce je možné ji využít., A new gamma irradiation facility has been built in the valley of the Vltava River near Prague in the Research Centre Řež. Thanks to its facilities, within the Czech Republic it is a unique workplace. In this article, we explore the possibilities of the new technology and find out which scientific research and applications can be used., Michaela Rabochová, Roman Mohyla., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Carnap’s analysis of the language of science had presupposed too close a connection between the semantics and testability. The core problem of the logical empiricist tradition was to show how to provide the interpretation of theoretical terms and hence the explanation of their application to observable entities by means of observation terms. It is argued that the utilization of a much more expressive semantic theory which identifies meanings with hyperintensional entities leads to a clarification of the competencies of semantics and methodology. It is claimed that the observability or unobservability of term’s referents does not determine the meaning of the term. Carnap’s reduction sentences are therefore conceived only as methodological devices for the determination of unobservables via the theory-presupposed observable aspects., Carnapova analýza jazyka vědy předpokládala příliš úzkou souvislost mezi sémantikou a testovatelností. Hlavním problémem logické empirické tradice bylo ukázat, jak poskytnout výklad teoretických pojmů a tím i vysvětlení jejich aplikace na pozorovatelné entity pomocí pozorovacích termínů. Tvrdí se, že využití mnohem výraznější sémantické teorie, která identifikuje význam s hyperintenzionálními entitami, vede k objasnění kompetencí sémantiky a metodiky. To je prohlašoval, že pozorovatelnost nebo unobservability of referents termínu nemá určovat význam termínu. Carnapovy redukční věty jsou proto koncipovány pouze jako metodologická zařízení pro určování nepozorovatelných aspektů prostřednictvím pozorovatelných aspektů předpokládaných teorií., and Lukáš Bielik
Coal measure strata are composed of multiple interbedding strata with different hardnesses. A sudden release of energy that was stored in surrounding rocks of tunnels may induce a rock burst; however, the specific strata in which the energy is accumulated cannot be accurately determined, thereby leading to ineffective prevention and management techniques for rock bursts. To address this problem, this study conducted axial loading tests on three different types of rock specimens (coal, gritstone and fine sandstone) and their composite specimens, and ascertained the energy accumulation rules of various components of the composites prior to a buckling failure. According to the results: for the coal-bearing binary composite specimens, the energy accumulated in coal occupied 88.5 %, 79.0 %, 71.4% and 79.6 % of the total energy accumulated in the specimens respectively; for the binary composite specimens composed of gritstone and fine sandstone, the energy accumulated in gritstone took up 61.2 % and 76.5 % of the total energy accumulated in the specimens respectively; and for the ternary composites, the energy accumulated in the coal occupied 79.8 %, 74.0 % and 76.3 % of the total energy accumulated in the specimens respectively, followed by the energy accumulated in the gritstone (12.1 %, 22.0 % and 18.8 %), and finally by the energy accumulated in the fine sandstone (only 8.1 %, 4.0 % and 4.9 %). Accordingly, in the composite rock strata, a small amount of energy was stored, and energy accumulation was more difficult in competent rock with large elastic moduli, while non-competent strata with small elastic moduli were preferable with regard to energy storage and accumulation. It can thus be concluded that the energy in coal-rock composites was accumulated mainly in non-competent strata, i.e., non-competent strata were key energy strata; additionally, the greater the difference in the hardness of the various components, the stronger the impact effect on the composite specimen.
The reproduction of the Splash Tetra (Copella arnoldi), which inhabits the Amazon freshwater river basin, has its peculiarities. These fish deposit their eggs on the bottom of leaf blades above the water surface, where atmospheric moisture is high. After spawning is over the males remain beneath the leaf and spray the fertilized eggs with water so that they do not dry out. But that is the end of their care for their offspring. The hatching fry falls from the leaf back into the water and begin their independent life. These fish usually start mass spawning during the rainy season. Fish breeders are well aware of this fact and often deliberately arrange similar conditions for their fish when breeding them in captivity. and Jaroslav Eliáš.
The tetraphyliidean metacestode diversity of 310 teleost fishes, including 87 species from 31 families, was examined from Heron Island, The Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Eleven metacestode ‘types’ were identified with the use of light microscopy. Host-specificity varied greatly among metacestode types. Incorporation of in vitro cultivation allowed generic identification for some types. Types 1 and 2 belong to Uncibilocularis Southwell, 1925, and have triloculate bothridia and one pair of forked hooks with unequal prongs; Type 3 has quadriloculate bothridia. Hook development was insufficient to determine in which genus, Acanthobolhrium van Beneden, 1849 or Calliobothrium van Beneden, 1850, this type may belong. Type 4 has unilocular bothridia with simple edges and belongs to Anthobothrium van Beneden, 1850. Type 5 has multiloculated bothridia which are invaginated within pouches. This type belongs lo the Rhinebothriinae although its generic identity cannot be determined. The bothridia of Type 5 everted within 24 hours of in vitro cultivation and revealed the presence of two forms, one having 48 loculi per bothridium, the other 72 per bothridium. In vitro studies provide additional support for existing theories of onchobothriid scolex development.
This paper presents biological notes on two species of Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae that emerged from old spongy-woody galls of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 collected in Sicily (Italy) in April 2015: Leptophyes sicula Kleukers, Odé et Fontana, 2010 (Phaneropterinae) and Cyrtaspis scutata (Charpentier, 1825) (Meconematinae). Between the end of April and the first few days of May a total of 30 neanids emerged from the galls, were reared and their life-cycle recorded. While L. sicula laid eggs in groups, C. scutata laid single eggs inside the galls; both species in a few years have adapted to exploiting this new shelter for egg laying. No interaction with the gall inducing insect was noted., Giuliano Cerasa, Bruno Massa., and Obsahuje bibliografii