This contribution presents and interprets the results of the analysis of fauna relics from the Pustý hrad Castle in Zvolen in Central Slovakia. The analysed series comes from the Upper castle, from the half of the 13th to the 14th centuries. A total of 6082 bone fragments weighing about 28 kg were processed. In addition to standard quantification methods (MNI, NISP and weight), the age of the animals and the relative quality of the meat from the body parts represented were also analysed. At the same time, the analysis also considered individual buildings, their location and function, and thus the differences in the representation of species in individual units. Comparisons of results with analogous collections from the late medieval castles of the Hungarian and Czech Kingdoms were not left out either. and Cieľom je predstaviť a interpretovať výsledky analýzy faunálnych pozostatkov z vrcholnostredovekého hradu Pustý hrad vo Zvolene na strednom Slovensku. Analyzovaný súbor pochádza z výskumu Horného hradu Pustého hradu, od polovice 13. až do 14. storočia. Celkovo bolo spracovaných 6082 fragmentov kostí o hmotnosti ca 28 kg. Popri štandardných kvantifikačných metódach (MNI, NISP a hmotnosť) bol sledovaný aj vek zvierat a relatívna kvalita mäsa zo zastúpených častí tiel. Zároveň sa v analýze prihliadalo aj na samostatné objekty, ich polohu a funkciu, a tým aj rozdielnosť v zastúpení druhov u jednotlivých súborov. Opomenuté neboli ani porovnania výsledkov s analogickými súbormi z vrcholnostredovekých hradov Uhorského i Českého kráľovstva.
In order to assess whether intratesticular hormone content may be helpful for prediction of successful conception in men with fertility problems, five sex steroids, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, estradiol and, for the first time epitestosterone, were measured in testicular tissue obtained by surgical retrieval from total 84 men. The group consisted of non-obstructive azoospermic men, aged 21-67 years who attended the centre for in vitro fertilization. Steroids after ether extraction and solvent partition were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and then measured by specific radioimmunoassays. The values varied considerably with means ± S.D. 2.43±2.47, 0.27±0.24, 0.080±0.13, 0.071± 0.089 and 0.31±0.27 for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, estradiol and epitestosterone, respectively., L. Zamrazilová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Genetic analysis of the content of light-harvesting complexes of thylakoid membranes was accomplished for the first time during the study of intraspecific variation in photosynthetic characteristics. The existence of genetically determined differences between genotypes together with positive heterosis in F1 generation was demonstrated.
In this paper, I argue that activities as crossing the road, riding a bike or going through a door involve body representations with non-conceptual mental content. Firstly, I discuss some key objections to the notion of body representations for action, in order to draw out their main consequences. Then I introduce an approach to the content of body representations involved in the guidance of everyday action, which seems to satisfy crucial demands in exchange for moving away from conceptual views on mental content. I conclude by discussing a potential objection to that proposal and presenting some thoughts on the relationship between conceptual and non-conceptual content in this field.
This paper describes current efforts to model β Lyrae as an accretion disk system, using the BINSYN program suite. Initial analysis demonstrates that, on a zero-order approximation, only the mass loser and the accretion disk rim contribute significantly to the system luminosity, apart from the emission line region. This zero-order model fails to reproduce the OAO2 light curves. An elaboration providing a two-temperature rim does reproduce the OAO2 light curves. An elaboration providing a two-temperature rim does reproduce the principal details of the OAO2 light curves. However, the two-temperature rim model fails to simulate IR light curves. A suggested explanation is the presence of bremstrahlung radiation produced in coronal regions contiguous to the accretion disk. Synthetic spectra, on the same zero-order model, fit IUE spectra reasonably well but show discrepancies discussed in the text.
Let $\lambda $ and $\mu $ be solid sequence spaces. For a sequence of modulus functions $\Phi =(\varphi _{k})$ let $ \lambda (\Phi )= \lbrace x=(x_{k}) \: (\varphi _{k}(|x_{k}|))\in \lambda \rbrace $. Given another sequence of modulus functions $\Psi =(\psi _{k})$, we characterize the continuity of the superposition operators ${P_{f}}$ from $\lambda (\Phi )$ into $\mu (\Psi )$ for some Banach sequence spaces $\lambda $ and $\mu $ under the assumptions that the moduli $\varphi _{k}$ $(k \in \mathbb{N})$ are unbounded and the topologies on the sequence spaces $\lambda (\Phi )$ and $\mu (\Psi )$ are given by certain F-norms. As applications we consider superposition operators on some multiplier sequence spaces of Maddox type.
We consider the functional equation f(xf(x)) = ϕ(f(x)) where ϕ: J → J is a given increasing homeomorphism of an open interval J ⊂ (0, ∞) and f : (0, ∞) → J is an unknown continuous function. In a series of papers by P. Kahlig and J. Smítal it was proved that the range of any non-constant solution is an interval whose end-points are fixed under ϕ and which contains in its interior no fixed point except for 1. They also provide a characterization of the class of monotone solutions and prove a necessary and sufficient condition for any solution to be monotone. In the present paper we give a characterization of the class of continuous solutions of this equation: We describe a method of constructing solutions as pointwise limits of solutions which are piecewise monotone on every compact subinterval. And we show that any solution can be obtained in this way. In particular, we show that if there exists a solution which is not monotone then there is a continuous solution which is monotone on no subinterval of a compact interval I ⊂ (0, ∞).
An edge $e$ of a $k$-connected graph $G$ is said to be $k$-removable if $G-e$ is still $k$-connected. A subgraph $H$ of a $k$-connected graph is said to be $k$-contractible if its contraction results still in a $k$-connected graph. A $k$-connected graph with neither removable edge nor contractible subgraph is said to be minor minimally $k$-connected. In this paper, we show that there is a contractible subgraph in a $5$-connected graph which contains a vertex who is not contained in any triangles. Hence, every vertex of minor minimally $5$-connected graph is contained in some triangle.
To test whether macrophages can play any role in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we tested the in vitro response of rings from small pulmonary arteries to the activation of macrophages by FMLP, a substance stimulating predominantly membrane-bound NADPH oxidase. A small vessel myograph was used to measure the responses of rings from small pulmonary arteries (300-400 μ m) isolated from rat lungs. Rings from 5 rats were placed into both chambers of the myograph. The vessels were stabilized for 40 min and then normalized by automatic stretching to a wall tension equivalent to the intravascular pressure 30 mm Hg. At the start of each experiment, vessels were exposed to 80 mM K + to obtain maximal contractile response, which was used to normalize subsequent contractile responses. 2x10 6 viable macrophages, obtained by peritoneal lavage, were added into one chamber, then 5 μ M FMLP was administrated to both chambers and the tension measurement was started. The hydrogen peroxide concentration produced by stimulated macrophages was measured luminometrically. The concentrations of H 2 O 2 in specimens from chambers containing activated macrophages rose from 3.5±1.5 nM to 110±28 nM within 25 min of stimulation, while FMLP itself didn’t increase the H 2 O 2 concentration from the baseline value (4.5±3 nM) in samples from control chambers. After FMLP administration, the tension of the vessel rings in the presence of macrophages reached 0.23±0.07 of maximal contractile response, it did not change in controls. The additi on of ROS scavenger 4-hydroxy- TEMPO blocked the contractile response to the activation of macrophages. We conclude that the activation of macrophages stimulates the contraction of small pulmonary arteries and that this contraction is probably mediated by reactive oxygen species., M. Žaloudíková, J. Herget, M. Vízek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Karl Popper lamented the prevalence of dogmatic argument in philosophy and commended the kind of critical argument that is found in the sciences. David Miller criticises the uncritical nature of so-called critical thinking because of its attachment to dogmatic arguments. I expound and clarify Popper’s distinction between critical and dogmatic arguments and the background to it. I criticise some errors in Miller’s discussion. I reaffirm the need for philosophers to eschew dogmatic arguments in favour of critical ones., Karl Popper naříkal nad převahou dogmatického argumentu ve filozofii a pochválil druh kritického argumentu, který se nachází ve vědách. David Miller kritizuje nekritickou povahu takzvaného kritického myšlení z důvodu jeho vazby na dogmatické argumenty. Vysvětluji a objasňuji Popperův rozdíl mezi kritickými a dogmatickými argumenty a pozadím. Kritizuji některé chyby v Millerově diskusi. Znovu potvrzuji, že je třeba, aby se filozofové vyhýbali dogmatickým argumentům ve prospěch kritických argumentů., and Danny Frederick