This study was designed to evaluate the extent of foot deformation in healthy subjects during standing on an immobile support and during slow tilts of the support platform by 1 deg. The angle in ankle joint was evaluated by two methods: as an angle of shin inclination relative to the platform and as an angle, calculated on the basis of recording of the projective length of the soleus muscle. It was shown that the real changes of the angle in ankle joint during standing on an immobile platform were up to 2 times smaller than the changes of angular position of the shin relative to vertical axis. However, considerable intersubject variability was observed in this respect. During slow tilts of the support platform a marked divergence was observed in the shape of recordings of two "ankle angles" in subjects with high foot compliance. The vertical displacements of the calcaneus recorded by means of a clamp rigidly fixed at the heel were 0.5±0.3 mm (the range 0.1 - 1 mm) for each degree of body deviation in the forward or backward direction. In 12 subjects, the average foot compliance was
0.04 ±0.03 deg/Mm (maximal value 0.1 deg/Mm). It can be assumed that the mechanical properties of the foot can appreciably influence the afferent outflow during maintenance of orthograde posture in man.
The dust production rates of all the known periodic comets, calibrated by the measurements from the 1986 apparition of comet Halley, are ušed to compute their dust input into the region inside the earth orbit, and the resulting dust fluxes at R = 1 AU. The spatial distribution of tho fresh ejecta and the teraporal variations of their accumulation are reconstructed. Tho visible release of dust is evidently insufficient to maintain the zodiacal cloud in equilibrium.
It is suggested that the progressive decay of the dark matter, including extinct cometary nuclei, their fragments, and products of asteroidal collisions, represents the dominant source of
replenishmont of the interplanetary dust complex.
The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules are a group of high molecular weight, negatively charged polysaccharides present abundantly in the mammalian organism. By their virtue of ion and water binding capacity, they may affect the redistribution of body fluids and ultimately the blood pressure. Data from the literature suggests that the mitogens Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C are able to regulate the amount and charge density of GAGs and their detachment from the cell surface. Based on these findings we investigated the relationship between the level of dietary sodium intake, the expression levels of VEGF-A and VEGF-C, and the amount of the skin GAGs hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate in an in vivo rat model. Significant correlation between dietary sodium intake, skin sodium levels and GAG content was found. We confirmed the GAG synthesizing role of VEGF-C but failed to prove that GAGs are degraded by VEGF-A. No significant difference in blood pressure was registered between the different dietary groups. A quotient calculated form the ion and water content of the skin tissue samples suggests that - in contrast to previous findings - the osmotically inactive ions and bound water fractions are proportional., D. Sugár, R. Agócs, E. Tatár, G. Tóth, P. Horváth, E. Sulyok, A. J. Szabó., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Infant rats received an i. p. injection of insulin, anti-insulin serum, streptozotocin, antiglucagon serum or dexamethazone. All substances except the antiinsulin serum, raised the plasma triglyceride level. Both antisera decreased plasma cholesterol levels, while streptozotocin, insulin and dexametazone caused an increase. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-glutaryl CoA reductase in liver and brown adipose tissue changed inversely to the cholesterol level. However, small intestinal enzyme activity was increased by insulin administration inspite of the rise in plasma cholesterol.
This paper focuses on a new model called fuzzy exchange economy (FXE), which integrates fuzzy consumption, fuzzy initial endowment and the agent's fuzzy preference (vague attitude) in the fuzzy consumption set. Also, the existence of the fuzzy competitive equilibrium for the FXE is verified through a related pure exchange economy. We define a core-like concept (called weak fuzzy core) of the FXE and prove that any fuzzy competitive allocation belongs to the weak fuzzy core. The fuzzy replica economy, which is the r-fold repetition of the FXE, is considered. Finally, we show that the weak fuzzy core of the r-fold fuzzy replica economy, i. e., the set of all fuzzy allocations which cannot be blocked by any coalition of agents, converges to the set of fuzzy competitive allocations of the FXE as r becomes large.
A convergence structure generalizing the order convergence structure on the set of Hausdorff continuous interval functions is defined on the set of minimal usco maps. The properties of the obtained convergence space are investigated and essential links with the pointwise convergence and the order convergence are revealed. The convergence structure can be extended to a uniform convergence structure so that the convergence space is complete. The important issue of the denseness of the subset of all continuous functions is also addressed.
We consider the functional equation f(xf(x)) = ϕ(f(x)) where ϕ: J → J is a given homeomorphism of an open interval J ⊂ (0, ∞) and f : (0, ∞) → J is an unknown continuous function. A characterization of the class S(J,ϕ) of continuous solutions f is given in a series of papers by Kahlig and Smítal 1998–2002, and in a recent paper by Reich et al. 2004, in the case when ϕ is increasing. In the present paper we solve the converse problem, for which continuous maps f : (0, ∞) → J, where J is an interval, there is an increasing homeomorphism ϕ of J such that f ∈ S(J,ϕ). We also show why the similar problem for decreasing ϕ is difficult.
This review compares the geometry of conduit coronary arteries in man and animals, namely the wall/diameter ratio (1:7.4 and 1:15 respectively). The left and right ventricle volume determines the geometry (segment length and diameter) of both branches of the left coronary artery: ramus interventricularis anterior and ramus circumflexus; the range of deformation of the latter was substantially smaller. The heterogeneity of deformation was also found along the ramus interventricularis anterior, the deformation decreasing towards the apex. The above relations have consequences (i) on the haemodynamics (passive changes in conduit segment resistance), (ii) the deformation of coronary arteries triggers metabolic processes in the coronary wall. Four hours' lasting cardiac volume or pressure overload brought about an increase in the RNA content not only in the myocardium, but also in the coronary artery. The process is reversible. Moreover, the range of the RNA increase is in full concert with the heterogeneous deformability of the respective segment of the coronary tree.
In 1965 the PD-1 mapping borehole was drilled in the classical location in Březno u Loun in the Ohře facies region. It was examined by many authors with various results. In 2006 the re vision of these results was pe rformed in archival samples. Carbonate content and insoluble residue minerals were determined. The gathered data were compared with similarly examined boreholes in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. The correlation showed that in the western and eastern Poohří region the profiles with different stratigraphy level were compared. After the elimination of this discrepancy the actual stratigraphy of the Poohří region can be easily compared with the other regions of the basin. The Č. Zahálka's statement of the equivalency of the sediment filling of the Ohře facies region and the Jizera formation in the Kokořín region is correct. This fact was validated by the Pd-1 borehole profile, where, due to a tectonic coupling, yet unknown, missing part of the youngest sediments of the Teplice and Březno formations (the real zone Xd) was conserved., Zdeněk Štaffen., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy