For a nontrivial connected graph G of order n, the detour distance D(u, v) between two vertices u and v in G is the length of a longest u − v path in G. Detour distance is a metric on the vertex set of G. For each integer k with 1 ≤ k ≤ n−1, a coloring c : V (G) → N is a k-metric coloring of G if |c(u) − c(v)| + D(u, v) ≥ k + 1 for every two distinct vertices u and v of G. The value χ k m(c) of a k-metric coloring c is the maximum color assigned by c to a vertex of G and the k-metric chromatic number χ k m(G) of G is the minimum value of a k-metric coloring of G. For every nontrivial connected graph G of order n, χ 1m(G) ≤ χ 2m(G) ≤ . . . ≤ χ n−1 m (G). Metric chromatic numbers provide a generalization of several well-studied coloring parameters in graphs. Upper and lower bounds have been established for χ k m(G) in terms of other graphical parameters of a graph G and exact values of k-metric chromatic numbers have been determined for complete multipartite graphs and cycles. For a nontrivial connected graph G, the anti-diameter adiam(G) is the minimum detour distance between two vertices of G. We show that the adiam(G)-metric chromatic number of a graph G provides information on the Hamiltonian properties of the graph and investigate realization results and problems on this parameter.
The earthquakes of magnitudes ML=5.0 and 5.3 in the Kaliningrad enclave of Russia on September 21, 2004 were unexpected in a very low-seismicity area. The earthquakes caused minor damage in the Kaliningrad enclave, in northern Poland and in southwestern Lithuania, and macroseismic intensities of 6-7 (EMS) close to the epicenters. The earthquakes were felt up to 800 km distance. The events have been located under the central-northern part of the Sambia Penninsula at 16 and 20 km depth. Their source mechanism has been found to be a right lateral strike slip on a direction parallel to the edge of the Fennoscandian Shield and the East European Craton. The possible cause of the earthquakes is discussed. With the glaciotectonic cause unlikely, it seems the earthquakes evidence tectonic patterns, possibly resulting from stress propagating all across Europe from the Mediterranean region. Historical information seems to evidence past seismic activity in the region, which together with the 2004 earthquakes show the need to reassess seismic hazard in the area., Paweł Wiejacz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The article presents in a diachronic and synchronic perspective a minority language (regional) which has existed for centuries in the borderland of cultures and languages - the ethnolect of Kashubians, indigenous, Slavic people living in Gdansk Pomerania - and the history of its contacts with German (unrelated language) and Polish (an example of a Slavic-Slavic borderland); in case of its contact with, foremost, the official version of the German language there was a language conflict. There exists a language continuum between the Kashubian language and the Polish dialects from Masovia and Wielkopolska. They coexisted and complemented each other functionally for a long time.
Let $T\in {\mathcal{L}}(X)$ be a bounded operator on a complex Banach space $X$. If $V$ is an open subset of the complex plane such that $\lambda -T$ is of Kato-type for each $\lambda \in V$, then the induced mapping $f(z)\mapsto (z-T)f(z)$ has closed range in the Fréchet space of analytic $X$-valued functions on $V$. Since semi-Fredholm operators are of Kato-type, this generalizes a result of Eschmeier on Fredholm operators and leads to a sharper estimate of Nagy’s spectral residuum of $T$. Our proof is elementary; in particular, we avoid the sheaf model of Eschmeier and Putinar and the theory of coherent analytic sheaves.
The detection of the Kautsky effect, i.e. the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence índuction kínetics induced in the dark-adapted leaves because of a sudden irradiation, by Hans Kautsky and his students is reviewed here on the occasíon of the 60* anniversary of this CW fluorescence transient discovery and oftBě 100* birth anniversary of Hans Kautsky in 1991.
The aim of this study was to show that the kind of AKH-mobilized energy substrates in insects can be predicted on the basis of the results obtained with the application of heterologous, i.e. inter-species, AKHs. Four different AKHs, the Locmi-AKH-I inducing hyperlipaemia and hyperglycaemia in Locusta migratoria, Tenmo-HrTH inducing hyperglycaemia in Tenebrio molitor, and Pyrap-AKH and Peram-CAH-II inducing hyperlipaemia in Pyrrhocoris apterus were used, firstly in conspecific tests, secondly in all possible species-AKH combinations, and finally in individual applications on the test species, the cotton bug Dysdercus cingulatus. Since each of the AKHs induced hyperlipaemia in D. cingulatus adults, we predicted that lipids are the only energy substrates which are mobilized in this species by its native AKH. The accuracy of this prediction was subsequently confirmed by the structural identification of the native D. cingulatus AKH and conspecific application tests. The proposed methodical approach can serve as a suitable monitoring system for determination of the kind of energy substrates mobilized by native insect AKHs until the structure of the hormone is identified.
KL-Miner [9] is a datarnining procedure that, given input data matrix
M. and a set of parameters, generates patterns of the form R ~ C/7. Here R and C are categorial attributes corresponding to the columns of M, and 7 is a Boolean condition defined in terms of the remaining colums of Ai. The pattern R C means that R and C are strongly correlated on the submatrix of M formed by all the rows of M that satisfy 7. What is meant by “strong correlation” and how are R, C and 7 generated is determined by the input parameters of the procedure. KL-Miner conforms to the GUHA principle forinulated in [1]. It revives two older GUHA procedures described in [2]; it is very much related to CORREL and contains a new implementation of COLLAPS as a module.
In this paper, we mention the motivation that leads to designing of KL-Miner, describing our new implementation of COLLAPS and giving application exarnples that illustrate the main features of KL-Miner.
A Northwest Iranian dialect, Aftari, is grouped both diachronically and typologically together with the other dialects spoken around the town of Semnān, east of Tehran. For this group the designation “Komisenian”, after the old name of the province, is proposed in the article. As is the case with the neighboring Caspian dialects to the north, Aftari is the language of postpositions, and it has a relatively elaborate system of personal and demonstrative pronouns. Aftari shares with Tabari the element -enn- in the present indicative, a remnant of the Old Iranian present participle * -ant-. In terms of ergativity, Aftari holds a position somewhere between Tabari, which has none, and the Central Plateau Dialects which have preserved the system. Remnants of the Middle Iranian ergativity remain in Aftari as a distinct set of personal endings for the past transitive; in the past, these acted as agents of transitive verbs. Thus, transitivity still plays a role in the past conjugation, but there are indications that the difference is fading away, most notably in 3rd person singular forms. The intransitive past tenses are marked by -št- preceding the personal endings, except for the 3rd person singular, which has neither. The perfect tense has various constructions, often merging with the preterit, and thus may not be authentic to Aftari.
This paper generalizes the results of papers which deal with the Kurzweil-Henstock construction of an integral in ordered spaces. The definition is given and some limit theorems for the integral of ordered group valued functions defined on a Hausdorff compact topological space $T$ with respect to an ordered group valued measure are proved in this paper.
Certain financial market strategies are known to exhibit a hysteretic structure similar to the memory observed in plasticity, ferromagnetism, or magnetostriction. The main difference is that in financial markets, the spontaneous occurrence of discontinuities in the time evolution has to be taken into account. We show that one particular market model considered here admits a representation in terms of Prandtl-Ishlinskii hysteresis operators, which are extended in order to include possible discontinuities both in time and in memory. The main analytical tool is the Kurzweil integral formalism, and the main result proves the well-posedness of the process in the space of right-continuous regulated functions.