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68352. The origin of the Milky Way: Jacopo Tintoretto and Rudolf II
- Creator:
- Konečný, Lubomír
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68353. The origins of Poland in the light of testimonies of witnesses at the Kingdom of Poland versus the Teutonic Knights trial in 1422-1423
- Creator:
- Piotr Węcowski
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- I., polský král, Boleslav, asi 966-1025, III., římský císař, Ota, 980-1002, Jeruzalémští bratři, 15. století, medievalistika, paměť, řádoví rytíři, medievalistics, memory, knights of order, Polsko, and Poland
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In 1422-1423 a trial between the Teutonic Order and the Polish Kingdom took place in the presence of the pope´s envoy Zeno. Around 120 witnesses brought by the Polish side confirmed Poland´s rights to the disputed lands (including Pomerania). The author studies witnesses´ claims regarding the early history of Poland, namely its origins and the first decades of the existence of the kingdom. Witnesses recounted the establishment of the kingdom in AD 1000, during the meeting between the Emperor Otto III and Bolesław I Chrobry. They talked about the introduction of a special payment for the pope, the so-called denarius sancti Petri, usually associated with the activity of Kazimierz I, but also about the loss of the royal crown by Polish rulers, usually explained as a punishment for the murder of the bishop of Cracow Stanislaus by the King Bolesław II. According to the author, the witnesses´ knowledge about the beginnings of Poland was rather extensive, although it was very inaccurate. It was superficial, vague, imprecise, or simply false. It seems that the majority of the inhabitants of the Polish Kingdom, including its political and intellectual elites, were only familiar with a few historical characters and events. and Piotr Węcowski.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68354. The osmotic component of ethanol and urea action is critical for their immediate stimulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) release from rat brain septum
- Creator:
- Kučerová, J. and Vladimír Štrbák
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ethanol, močovina, urea, TRH, septum, cell volume, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There is considerable evidence linking alcohol consumption and sedation and TRH in the brain septum. Moreover, innate septal TRH concentration is inversely related to the degree of ethanol preference. Recently we demonstrated in rats that four-week ethanol drinking increased the septal TRH content by 50 %. We had shown previously that ethanol induces neuronal swelling, which is known to evoke the secretion of hormones, peptides and amino acids from various types of cells. We have therefore explored the effect of hyposmotic medium and of 80 and 160 mM ethanol and 80 mM urea (both permeant molecules) in isosmotic and hyperosmotic (preventing cell swelling) media on the in vitro release of TRH by the rat septum. Lowering medium osmolarity resulted in a hyposmolarity-related increase in TRH secretion. Both ethanol and urea stimulated TRH release only in isosmolar solution. Our data indicate that ethanol in clinically relevant concentrations can induce TRH release from the septum by a mechanism involving neuronal swelling., J. Kučeorvá, V. Štrbák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68355. The outline of the theory of distribution and occurence of sunspots on the solar disc
- Creator:
- Kopecký, Miloslav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- astrophysics, sunspot groups, and solar disc
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- (Rezjume) Cel'ju nastojaščego truda javljajetsja obobščenije svedenij iz teorii raspredelenija i pojavlenija solnečnych pjaten na diske Solnca. V etoj svojej rabote avtor ischodit kak iz rjada trudov drugich avtorov, tak i iz svoich sobstvennych trudov, pomeščennych v raznych žurnalach, dopolnjaja eti trudy nekotorymi novymi svedenijami. Eta rabota javljajetsja sozdat' obobščenoje predstavlenije o teorii raspredelenija i pojavlenija solnečnich pjaten na diske Solnca. Nastojaščaja rabota, odnako ne zanimajetsja osveščenijem voprosov etoj teorii s obščej točki zrenija, tak kak boleje obščaja teorija ne byla do sich por v soveršenstve razrabotana. Eta teorija osnovljajetsja na opredelinii uproščennych predpoloženij, iz kotorych samymi prostymi javljajutsja sledujuščije: 1) Vse solnečnyje pjatna pojavljajutsja tol'ko na ekvatore, kotoryj vsegda prochodit po seredine diska Solnca, t. e. čto "korolevskij pojas" pojavljenija solnečnych pjaten možno sebe predstavit' v vide cilindra, na ktoryj smotrim v napravlenii normali i jego poverchnosti. 2) V dejstvitel'nosti predpoložim, čto grupy solnečnych pjaten sostavljajutsja iz odnogo pjatna okrugloj formy. Eti predloženija pozvoljajut nam sozdat' vozmožno polnuju osnovnuju teoriju raspredelenija i pojavlenija pjaten, kotoraja neobchodima dlja ocenki rezul'tatov raznych statistik pjaten i iz kotoroj možno ischodit' dlja sozdanija boleje obščej teorii. Nastojaščaja rabota zanimajetsja prežde vsego sledujuščimi voprosami: opredelenijem osnovnych otnošenij i funkcij, umen'šenijem količestva pjaten v napravlenii k kraju solnečnogo diska, količestvom pojavšichsja i isčeznuvšich pjaten na raznych rasstojanijach ot central'nogo meridiana, podsčetom količestva voznikšich grupp na vsem Solnce i srednej prodolžitel'nosti ich žizni i značenijem etich veličin dlja issledovanija periodičnosti solnečnych pjaten.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68356. The output - inflation trade off
- Creator:
- Miloslav S Vošvrda
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- print, svazek, and 14 stran, 37 grafů : tabulky.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Finance, inflace, makroekonomická analýza, makroekonomické modely, ekonomické reformy, agregátní nabídka, agregátní poptávka, inflation (finance), macroeconomic analysis, macroeconomic models, economic reforms, aggregate supply, aggregate demand, 336.748.12, [330.5+338]:303.7, 519.862, 338.24.021.8, 330.552/.554, 330.567, (048.8), 4, and 336.7
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Miloslav S. Vošvrda. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68357. The overview of anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the uterine tubes and their impact on fertility
- Creator:
- Csöbönyeiová, Mária, Klein, Martin, Feitscherová, Claudia, Pavlíková, Lada, Kachlík, David, and Varga, Ivan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- anatomical variations, congenital anomalies, uterine tube, fertility, agenesis, accessory uterine tube, accessory ostium, paratubal cysts, and terminological discrepancies
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the uterine tubes (UTAVsCAs) are rare conditions, which are often undiagnosed, or accidentally diagnosed upon imaging, laparotomy, laparoscopy for unrelated condition, or during the Cesarean section. UTAVsCAs are often asymptomatic, but their clinical relevance lies in their possibly adverse impact on fertility. Since their rare occurrence, they are usually published as case reports. The most typically described are: agenesis of the uterine tubes (UTs), accessory UT (UT duplication), accessory UT ostium, and paratubal cysts (e.g. the hydatid cyst of Morgagni). UTAVsCAs are classified into an umbrella category of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) which comprises anomalous development of all the organs developing from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts, i.e., UTs, uterus and upper portion of the vagina. Interestingly, most of the classification systems of MDAs discuss solely the uterine and vaginal anomalies, while the UTs are often utterly ignored. This probably originates from the fact that UTs are no longer interesting for many clinicians as they think of UTs as superfluous organs whose function can be easily replaced in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory. Indeed, the modern reproductive medicine has been helping enormously with the conception of infertile couples. In many instances, the UTs are in fact successfully bypassed and a “test-tube” baby is born. Nevertheless, the UTs are still absolutely unique in providing suitable environment for fertilization and early embryo development - processes that has not been still completely understood. This fact could partially explain why the success rate of IVF is “only” around 30-50 % depending on age. Therefore, the research of the UTAVsCAs is still clinically relevant in the context of reproductive medicine and should not be omitted from research endeavors.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68358. The overwiev of spectra reduction process
- Creator:
- Škoda, Petr and Šlechta, Miroslav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- astrophysical data, data reduction, CCD, and echelle spectrograph
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The reduction of astrophysical spectra is discussed in general. This article is intended as an introduction to following papers where we describe the reduction of data exposed by particular devices (coudé slit spectrograph and Cassegrain fiber-fed echelle spectrograph HEROS).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68359. The pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal and gastric electrical activity
- Creator:
- Petra Čamborová, Hubka, P., Igor Šulla, and Ivan Hulín
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, interstitial cells of Cajal, gastric electrical activity, pacemaker of the stomach, kit-receptor, electrogastrography, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells in the gut. They have special properties that make them unique in their ability to generate and propagate slow waves in gastrointestinal muscles. The electrical slow wave activity determines the characteristic frequency of phasic contractions of the stomach, intestine and colon. Slow waves also determine the direction and velocity of propagation of peristaltic activity, in concert with the enteric nervous system. Characterization of receptors and ion channels in the ICC membrane is under way, and manipulation of slow wave activity markedly alters the movement of contents through the gut. Gastric myoelectrical slow wave activity produced by pacemaker cells (ICC) can be reflected by electrogastrography (EGG). Electrogastrography is a perspective non-invasive method that can detect gastric dysrhythmias associated with symptoms of nausea or delayed gastric emptying., P. Čamborová, P. Hubka, I. Sulková, I. Hulín., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68360. The painters of Japan: in two volumes
- Creator:
- Morrison, Arthur
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public