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68712. The taxonomic identity and phylogenetic relationships of Cercaria pugnax and C. helvetica XII (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) based on morphological and molecular data
- Creator:
- Kudlai, Olena, Stunžėnas, Virmantas, and Tkach, Vasyl
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- morfologie (biologie), fylogeneze, morphology (biology), phylogeny, Paralecithodendrium, Lecithodendrium, xiphidiocercaria, rDNA sequences, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present study analysed the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of two species of xiphidiocercariae of the ʻmicrocotylaeʼ group, Cercaria pugnax La Valette St. George, 1855, from Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus) in the Ukraine and Cercaria helvetica XII Dubois, 1928 from Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus) in Lithuania. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the ITS2 region and partial 28S gene of the nuclear rDNA revealed that both these xiphidiocercariae belong to the Lecithodendriidae Lühe, 1901 and represent larval stages of lecithodendriids parasitic in bats. Cercaria helvetica XII clustered with the typical representatives of the genus Lecithodendrium Looss, 1896, being very close, but not identical, to Lecithodendrium linstowi Dollfus, 1931. Sequences of C. pugnax matched exactly the sequences of adult Paralecithodendrium chilostomum (Mehlis, 1831). Morphological descriptions of the cercariae are included; these represent the first report of non-virgulate xiphidiocercariae belonging to the family Lecithodendriidae. Until now, the presence of glandular virgula organ in the region of the oral sucker was considered a robust synapomorphy for the Lecithodendriidae and several closely related families. Our results have shown that the relative importance of this character is in need of a re-assessment., Olena Kudlai, Virmantas Stunžėnas, Vasyl Tkach., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68713. The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall intensity in urban watersheds
- Creator:
- Alied, Ghassan and Havlík, Vladimír
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- rainfall intensity, temporal and spatial distribution, movement of storm events, urban watershed, intenzita deště, časové a plošné rozložení, pohyb srážkové události, and urbanizované povodí
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Theoretical assumptions and practical approaches to temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall intensity in urban watersheds is still a research topic. The speed and direction of movement of rainfall events above urban watersheds are principal hydrologic parameters, which influence a rainfall-runoff process. This contribution reviews three methods, namely the Inverse Distance-Weighted Method (IDWM), Time Shift Method (TSM) and newly developed Geometrical Method (GM). The principal assumption of all three methods is based on the calculation of fictitious rainfall intensity at a particular location as weighted interpolation among the nearest real rain gauge stations. Any rainfall event above the urban watershed can be classified either as moving or non-moving storm. While the Inverse Distance-Weighted Method can be used for non-moving storms, the other two methods can describe the parameters of moving storms. Model RainGen, which was originally developed to create a basic source of rainfall data for rainfallrunoff mathematical models in urban watersheds, may be used not only for visualization but as well as for comparing of the measured and computed results. Case study for moving storms in Prague shows the results of TSM and GM methods. and Teoretické předpoklady a praktické přístupy k řešení časového a plošného rozložení srážek v urbanizovaných povodích jsou stále předmětem výzkumu. Rychlost a směr pohybu dešťových událostí nad urbanizovanými povodími představují hlavní hydrologické veličiny, které ovlivňují srážko-odtokový proces. Příspěvek se zabývá třemi metodami výpočtu, a to inverzní váhovou metodou, metodou časového posunu a nově navrženou geometrickou metodou. Hlavní předpoklad u všech tří metod je ve zvoleném místě založen na výpočtu fiktivní intenzity deště a to na základě interpolace s využitím váhové funkce mezi nejbližšími srážkoměrnými stanicemi. Každou srážkovou událost nad urbanizovaným povodím lze klasifikovat buď jako pohyblivou, nebo nepohyblivou. Zatímco inverzní váhová metoda může být použita pro nepohyblivé srážkové události, metodu časového posunu a geometrickou metodu lze doporučit pro pohyblivé srážkové události. Model RainGen, který byl původně vytvořen k tvorbě základních srážkových dat pro potřeby matematických modelů povrchového odtoku z urbanizovaných povodí, může být využit nejen k vizualizaci výsledků, ale rovněž k jejich vzájemnému porovnávání. Případová studie pohyblivých srážkových událostí v Praze ukazuje porovnání výsledků metody časového posunu a geometrické metody.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68714. The temporal and spatial effects of reconstructive surgery on the atrophy of hindlimb muscles in anterior cruciate ligament transected rats
- Creator:
- Kaneguchi, Akinori, Ozawa, Junya, Minamimoto, Kengo, and Yamaoka, Kaoru
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ACL injury, ACL reconstruction, arthrogenic muscle inhibition, disuse, and muscle atrophy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, a decrease in muscle strength associated with muscle atrophy is frequently observed. The temporal and spatial effects of reconstructive surgery on muscle atrophy have not been examined in detail. This study aimed to 1) reveal the short and mid-term effects of reconstructive surgery on muscle atrophy, and 2) investigate the differences in the degree of atrophy after ACL reconstruction in the hindlimb muscles. ACL transection with or without reconstructive surgery was performed unilaterally on the knees of rats. Untreated rats were used as controls. At one or four weeks post-surgery, the relative muscle wet weights (wet weight/body weight) of the hindlimb muscles were calculated to assess atrophy. At one week post-surgery, muscle atrophy was induced by ACL transection and further aggravated by reconstructive surgery. Reconstructive surgery facilitated recovery from muscle atrophy in some muscles compared with those without reconstructive surgery (ACL transection alone) at four weeks post-surgery. Muscle atrophy after ACL reconstruction was greater in the rectus femoris and plantar flexors than in the semitendinosus and plantar extensors at one week post-surgery. These results indicate that reconstructive surgery exacerbates muscle atrophy in the first week post-surgery, while facilitating recovery between the first and fourth week post-surgery. After reconstructive surgery, muscle atrophy was observed not only in the quadriceps and hamstrings, but also in the lower leg muscles, suggesting the need for muscle strengthening interventions for the lower leg muscles as well as the quadriceps and hamstrings.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68715. The text in Devanagari on pages 358 and 359 of vol. 73.3
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68716. The The Development of New-Style Public Rental Housing in Shanghai
- Creator:
- Chen, Jie
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- public housing, housing policy, urban development, and Shanghai
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper studies the roles of the new-style PRH (public rental housing) programme in Shanghai’s socio-spatial dynamics. It shows that the development of PRH in Shanghai is mainly a result of a deliberate ur-ban development policy in line with other strategies such as city marketing and gentrification. The analysis is augmented with data from a questionnaire survey of PRH tenants in Shanghai. Finally, this paper identifies challenges for the future development of the public rental housing sector in China.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68717. The Theory of action: Talcott Parsons and after
- Creator:
- Balon, Jan
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- filozofie, philosophy, action, Parsons, contradiction, system, general theory, conceptual scheme, voluntarism, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article focuses on the problems and contradictions of sociological theories of action. It investigates critically the development of the theory of action after the Parsonian synthesis, drawing attention to the limitations of articulating the concept of action systematically within a presuppositional framework of analytical theory. Having exposed Parsons general theory of action and some interpretations and criticisms, the paper addresses the so-called “return of grand theory”, spearheaded in the early 1980s by authors such as Alexander, Habermas, Giddens and Luhmann. The article analyses the conceptual innovations introduced by their theories according to Parsons own definition of theoretical work, which - as he said - consists in reconstruction and transformation of categories in the moments of their failure. While it is argued that sociological theory cannot do away with general concepts, it is also argued that these need not have the form of a synthetic theory of action of the kind outlined by Parsons and the Post-Parsonians. and Jan Balon.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68718. The theory of bipolar flows
- Creator:
- Norman, Colin A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- observational developments and bipolar flows
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Theoretical models for bipolar flows are discussed with particular emphasis on new observational developments over the last year that have added significant constraints and understanding. Implications of these flows for the cloud environment in which they are embedded are outlined. Associated objects such as masers and Herbig-Haro objects are analysed. It is shown that all reasonable axisymmetic magnetohydrodynamic flows have some collimation along the symmetry axis. Observational tests of the theories are proposed. A connection between H2O masers and protoplanetary systems in molecular disks is put forward.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68719. The theory of global governance, constitutionalization and comparative constitutional law
- Creator:
- Blahož, Josef
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- globalization of political culture, constitution, global constitutionalism, comparative constitutional law, erosion of state power, delegation of state functions, governance, and meta-governance
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Globalization – multifactor phenomenon. Dimensions of globalization. The erosion of state power,global integration of the world and of most states result in the removal of barriers between national and internationalpolicies. The theory of governance: public power is no longer exercised exclusively by state, but its exerciseis participated in significantly by private supranational corporations and nongovernmental organizations. Onstate and global level governance includes the process of participation, negotiation and co-ordination. Its keyinstruments are projects, partnership and consensus – in the first place the knowledge of the process leading tothe achievement of consensus. There are know founding conditions within the existing international order thatrepresent something like a global constitution. Contemporary transition stage to it is global governance.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68720. The therapeutic and prognostic role of clusterin in diverse musculoskeletal diseases: a mini review
- Creator:
- Zhang, Kun, Liu, Kaixin, Yu, Dechen, Tang, Yuchen, Geng, Bin, Xia, Yayi, and Xu, Peng
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- clusterin, ischemic necrosis, spinal cord injury, osteoarthritis, osteosarcoma, rheumatoid arthritis, Brucella abortus, Sjogren's syndrome, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, muscle glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and trauma
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This mini-review aims to introduce the association between Secretory clusterin/apolipoprotein J (sCLU) and diverse musculoskeletal diseases. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify basic science and clinical studies, which implied the therapeutic and prognostic role of sCLU in diverse musculoskeletal diseases. sCLU is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and is implicated in many pathophysiological processes. Dysregulated expression of sCLU had been reported to be assocaited with proliferative or apoptotic molecular processes and inflammatory responses, which participated in many pathophysiological processes such as degenerative musculoskeletal diseases including ischemic osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative cervical myelopathy (spinal cord injury), neoplastic musculoskeletal diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune musculoskeletal diseases including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), joint damage induced by Brucella abortus, Sjogren's syndrome, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, muscle glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and traumatic musculoskeletal diseases. Recent findings of sCLU in these musculoskeletal diseases provides insights on the therapeutic and prognostic role of sCLU in these musculoskeletal diseases. sCLU may serve as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic osteonecrosis, OA and spinal cord injury as well as a potential prognostic biomarker for OA and RA. Moreover, sCLU could act as a prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma (OS) and a promising therapeutic target for OS resistance. Although many studies support the potential therapeutic and prognostic role of sCLU in some inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated musculoskeletal diseases, more future researches are needed to explore the molecular pathogenic mechanism mediated by sCLU implied in these musculoskeletal diseases.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public