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68912. Thorton A., Axinn W. G., Yu Xie: Marriage and cohabitation
- Creator:
- Jan Osička
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Společenské vědy, 1962-1993, nesezdaná soužití, manželství, sociální výzkum, unmarried couples, marriage, social research, Spojené státy americké, United States, 18, and 3
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor recenze] Jan Osička.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68913. Thoughtful brutes
- Creator:
- Hříbek, Tomáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Donald Davidson, John Searle, animal minds, semantic holism, de re/ de dicto, triangulation, non-propositional thought, zvířecí mysl, de re / de dicto, neprojektivní myšlení, sémantický holismus, and triangulace
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- Donald Davidson and John Searle famously differ, among other things, on the issue of animal thoughts. Davidson seems to be a latter-day Cartesian, denying any propositional thought to subhuman animals, while Searle seems to follow Hume in claiming that if we have thoughts, then animals do, too. Davidson’s argument centers on the idea that language is necessary for thought, which Searle rejects. The paper argues two things. Firstly, Searle eventually argues that much of a more complex thought does depend on language, which reduces a distance between himself and Davidson. Secondly, some of Davidson’s suggestions are promising - in particular the idea that we may lack a vocabulary to capture the contents of animal thoughts. Based on this insight, one might, pace Davidson, grant thoughts to animals. However, this does not mean, pace Searle, that it should be possible to construe even the simplest of such thoughts as propositional. Perhaps we need to move beyond Davidson and Searle by developing a theory of non-propositional thought for animals., Donald Davidson a John Searle se skvěle liší, mimo jiné, v otázce zvířecích myšlenek. Zdá se, že Davidson je karteziánem posledního dne, který popírá jakékoli výrokové myšlenky subhumánním zvířatům, zatímco Searle se zdá, že následuje Humea, když tvrdí, že pokud máme myšlenky, tak i zvířata. Davidsonův argument se soustředí na myšlenku, že jazyk je nezbytný pro myšlenku, kterou Searle odmítá. Příspěvek argumentuje dvě věci. Za prvé, Searle nakonec argumentuje, že mnoho složitějších myšlenek závisí na jazyce, což snižuje vzdálenost mezi ním a Davidsonem. Za druhé, některé z Davidsonových návrhů jsou slibné - zejména myšlenka, že nám může chybět slovní zásoba, která by zachytila obsah zvířecích myšlenek. Na základě tohoto vhledu, jedna síla, tempoDavidsoni, udělte myšlenky zvířatům. To však neznamená, že tempo Searle, že by mělo být možné vyložit i ty nejjednodušší takové myšlenky jako výrokové. Možná, že musíme jít za Davidsonem a Searlem tím, že vypracujeme teorii non-propozičního myšlení pro zvířata., and Tomáš Hříbek
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68914. THR - like Peptides in Prostate Gland and other Tissues
- Creator:
- Bílek, R.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- TRH, TRH - like peptides, Prostate, Extrahypothalamic occurrence, pEEPam, and pEFPam
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68915. Three Dendromonocotyle species (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) reported from captive rays, including D. lotteri sp. n. from Himantura gerrardi (Elasmobranchii: Dasyatidae) in the public aquarium at the Atlantis resort, Dubai
- Creator:
- Vaughan, David B. and Chisholm, Leslie A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Monogenea, Monocotylidae, Dendromonocotyle, public aquarium, Himantura gerrardi, Neotrygon kuhlii, and Dubai
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Dendromonocotyle lotteri sp. n. is described from the dorsal skin surface of the stingray Himantura gerrardi (Gray) on exhibit in the public aquarium at the Atlantis resort in Dubai. It is differentiated from all other Dendromonocotyle species by the unique morphology of the distal portion of the sclerotised male copulatory organ. Dendromonocotyle lotteri is the second representative in the genus with 56 marginal haptoral papillae having a papillae to loculus association represented numerically as 6-6-8-8. We found Dendromonocotyle colorni Chisholm, Whittington et Kearn, 2001 on the same host specimens at the Atlantis resort public aquarium and Dendromonocotyle kuhlii Young, 1967 on Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller et Henle) kept at Burgers' Zoo Aquarium in Arnhem, The Netherlands. Supplemental information is provided for both D. colorni and D. kuhlii. The presence of Dendromonocotyle infections in public aquaria and host specificity are discussed. A key to the 17 species of Dendromonocotyle is also provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68916. Three meanings and three assumptions of rationality of human action
- Creator:
- Horák, Vít
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- filozofie, philosophy, rationality, teleology, rhetoric of economics, Ludwig von Mises, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This text discusses the notion of rationality with respect to economics. First, it states the essential meanings of this notion and then goes on to the possibilities of rationality, which is a synonym for the effectiveness of human action. It distinguishes three types that may correspond to this meaning, where each type is unique and independent of the other two. In the end, it relates the presented typology to the work of Ludwig von Mises. His radical ap¬proach provides for good instruction of the sides of economic thought that I want to call attention to. Economics as a deductive science is interested in very strong assumptions about human action, and ambiguities about the notion of rationality provide for rhetorical tactics that can justify it. Elucidation of the notion and the presented typology of the meanings and assumptions of rationality should contribute to the revelation of these tactics. and Vít Horák.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68917. Three months of regular aerobic exercise in patients with obesity improve systemic subclinical inflammation without major influence on blood pressure and endocrine production of subcutaneous fat
- Creator:
- Trachta, P., Drápalová, J., Petra Kaválková, Toušková, V., Cinkajzlová, A., Zdeňka Lacinová, Martin Matoulek, Tomáš Zelinka, Jiří Widimský, Miloš Mráz, and Martin Haluzík
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, physical activity, adipose tissue, proinflammatory factors, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to explore the effects of regular aerobic exercise on anthropome tric, biochemical and hormonal parameters and mRNA expression of selected factors involved in metabolic regulations in subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with obesity. Fifteen obese wome n with arterial hypertension underwent a three-month exercise program consisting of 30 min of aerobic exercise 3 times a we ek. Fifteen healthy lean women with no intervention served as a control group. Obese group underwent anthropometric measurements, blood sampling, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy and 24-h blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after three months of exercise, while control group was examined only once. At baseline, obese group had increased SCAT expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines relative to control group. Three months of regular exercise improved anthropometric parameters, decreased CRP, blood glucose and HOMA-IR, while having no significant effect on lipid profile and blood pressure. Gene expressions in SCAT were not affected by physical activity with the exce ption of increased aquaporin-3 mRNA expression. We conclude that three months of regular exercise decrease systemic subc linical inflammation with only minor influence on the blood pressure and the endocrine function of subcutaneous fat., P. Trachta, J. Drápalová, P. Kaválková, V. Toušková, A. Cinkajzlová, Z. Lacinová, M. Matoulek, T. Zelinka, J. Widimský Jr., M. Mráz, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68918. Three new genera and seven new species of trypanorhynch cestodes (family Eutetrarhynchidae) from manta rays, Mobula spp. (Mobulidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico
- Creator:
- Campbell, Ronald A. and Beveridge, Ian
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cestoda, Trypanorhyncha, Eutetrarhynchidae, Fellicocestus, Mobulocestus, Hemionchos, taxonomy, new genera, and Mobulidae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Three new genera of eutetrarhynchid trypanorhynch cestodes are described from Mobula spp. (Mobulidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Fellicocestus mobulae gen. et sp. n. from the gall bladder of Mobula japonica (Müller et Henle) is distinguished by elongate bothria, a pars bothrialis equal in length to the pars vaginalis, masses of gland cells in the pars vaginalis and an heteromorphous armature in which hook rows arise from a central file of hooks on the bothrial surface of the tentacle and terminate in a central file on the antibothrial surface. Species of Mobulocestus gen. n. occur in the nephridial system and cloaca of rays and are characterized by two bothria, an heteroacanthous armature with hook rows beginning on the bothrial surface and terminating on the antibothrial surface, and by hooks at the beginnings of rows with an apical cavity. M. nephritidis sp. n. and M. lepidoscolex sp. n., both from the nephridial system of Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd) are differentiated by testis number and by the presence of scale-like microtriches on the tegument of the scolex of M. lepidoscolex. M. mollis sp. n., from the cloaca of Mobula thurstoni is distinguished by testis number (97-111 in M. lepidoscolex, 20-22 in M. nephriticus and 48-70 in M. mollis). Hemionchos gen. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula spp. has two bothria, an heteroacanthous armature, hook rows arising on the bothrial surface and terminating on the antibothrial surface and hooks at the beginning of rows with an apical cavity. It differs from Mobulocestus in having a distinctive basal armature and both hook files 1 and 1' on the bothrial surface, but has an additional, small, satellite hook adjacent to each hook 1'. H. striatus sp. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula thurstoni and M. japonica is differentiated by having a basal armature of closely packed arrays of small, uncinate hooks. H. mobulae sp. n. from the spiral valve of Mobula japonica and M. munkiana Notarbartolo di Sciari, differs in testis number and in having large, flattened hooks in the basal armature. H. maior sp. n., from the spiral valve of M. japonica, is larger, differing in both the number of testes and in the basal armature.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
68919. Three new genera of rhinebothriidean cestodes from stingrays in Southeast Asia
- Creator:
- Caira, Janine N, Healy, Claire J, Marques, Fernando P.L, and Jensen, Kirsten
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- tasemnice, sladké vody, tapeworms, freshwater, taxonomy, Rhinebothriidea, Dasyatidae, batoids, new species, Anthocephaliidae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_Three genera of rhinebothriideans, previously referred to as New genus 1, New genus 2 and New genus 4, are erected in the the Anthocephaliidae. New genus 1 is established as Divaricobothrium gen. n., with Divaricobothrium tribelum sp. n. as its type species; Echeneibothrium trifidum Shipley et Hornell, 1906 is transferred to the genus as Divaricobothrium trifidum (Shipley et Hornell, 1906) comb. n. This genus is unique among rhinebothriidean genera in bearing bothridia that are posteriorly deeply divided into two lobes with facial loculi but no apical sucker, and a vagina that extends to near the anterior margin of the proglottid. Its species parasitise Indo-Pacific members of the genera Brevitrygon Last, Naylor et Manjaji-Matsumoto, Maculabatis Last, Naylor et Manjaji-Matsumoto and Pateobatis Last, Naylor et Manjaji-Matsumoto. New genus 2 is established as Barbeaucestus gen. n., with Barbeaucestus jockuschae sp. n. as its type species; Barbeaucestus ralickiae sp. n. is also described. Anthobothrium sexorchidum Williams, 1964 and Rhinebothrium shipleyi Southwell, 1912 are transferred to the genus as Barbeaucestus sexorchidus (Williams, 1964) comb. n. and Barbeaucestus shipleyi (Southwell, 1912) comb. n., respectively. This genus is unique among rhinebothriidean genera in that its bothridia are substantially wider than long, bear an apical sucker and at least one row of two or more facial loculi in their anterior half. Its species parasitise the genera Neotrygon Castelnau and Taeniura Müller et Henle. New genus 4 is established as Sungaicestus gen. n. with transfer of Rhinebothrium kinabatanganensis Healy, 2006, as Sungaicestus kinabatanganensis (Healy, 2006) comb. n., as its type species. Among the genera of its order, this genus most closely resembles Rhinebothrium Linton, 1890, however, despite the original description, the bothridia were found to bear, rather than lack, apical suckers., a2_This monotypic genus is known only from the freshwater stingray Urogymnus polylepis (Müller et Henle). The familial diagnosis of the Anthocephaliidae Ruhnke, Caira et Cox, 2015 is emended. The family now houses five genera., Janine N. Caira, Claire J. Healy, Fernando P.L. Marques, Kirsten Jensen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
68920. Three new gonad-infecting species of Philometra (Nematoda: Philometridae) parasitic in Lutjanus spp. (Lutjanidae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico off Florida, USA
- Creator:
- Moravec, František, Bakenhaster, Micah, and Fajer-Ávila, Emma J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dracunculoidea, parasitic nematode, fish parasites, marine fishes, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, three new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from marine fishes of the genus Lutjanus Bloch (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico: P. longispicula sp. n. from the ovary of the northern red snapper L. campechanus (Poey) (type host) and silk snapper L. vivanus (Cuvier); P. latispicula sp. n. from the ovary and rarely testes of the grey snapper L. griseus (Linnaeus); and P. synagridis sp. n. (only males available) from the ovary of the lane snapper Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus). These species are mainly characterised by the lengths of spicules (378-690 µm, 135-144 µm and 186-219 µm, respectively) and spicule shapes, structure of the distal portion of the gubernaculum and the structure of the male caudal end. These are the first valid, nominal species of gonad-infecting philometrids reported from fishes of the family Lutjanidae in the western Atlantic region.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public