INTRODUCTION: The male:female ratio at birth (male births divided by total live births - M/T) has been shown to increase in response to ionizing radiation due to gender-biased fetal loss, with excess female loss. M/T rose sharply in 1987 in central-eastern European countries following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This study analyses M/T and births for the former Soviet Republics and for the countries most contaminated by the event. METHODS: Annual birth data was obtained from the World Health Organisation. The countries with the highest exposure levels (by 137Cs) were identified from an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency. All of the former Soviet states were also analysed and the periods before and after 1986 were compared. RESULTS: Except for the Baltic States, all regions in the former USSR showed a significant rise in M/T from 1986. There were significant rises in M/T in the three most exposed (Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation). The birth deficit in the post-Soviet states for the ten years following Chernobyl was estimated at 2,072,666, of which 1,087,924 are accounted by Belarus and Ukraine alone. DISCUSSION: Chernobyl has resulted in the loss of millions of births, a process that has involved female even more than male fetuses. This is another and oft neglected consequence of widespread population radiation contamination. and V. Grech
The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum. The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 20052009 years. Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years. This before 45 years 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years 54 patients, 60 and above years. The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurativeinflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%). The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients. The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same., H. B. Bobokulov, A. M. Hakimov, and Literatura
Cíl práce: Externí hodnocení kvality z dlouhodobého pohledu ukazují, že výsledky analýz stejného vzorku různými imunoanalytickými metodami často nejsou porovnatelné. Našim cílem bylo hledat příčiny těchto diferencí. Materiál a metody: Práce vychází z výsledků získaných sedmi rozdílnými imunoanalytickými metodami: DELFIA (PerkinElmer), Elecsys 2010 (Roche), Kryptor (B.R.A.H.M.S.), enzymové imunoanalýzy na imunosorbentu DRG a tří imunoradiometrických metod (DiaSorin, Immunotech and Schering-CIS). Výsledky: Hodnotili jsme následující parametry: profil přesnosti jednotlivých metod, linearitu po ředění, výtěžnost (modifikovanou) a porovnatelnost imunoanalytických metod. Výsledky analýz u některých vzorků s nízkými koncentracemi NSE korelovaly dobře, zatímco jiné nesouhlasily (diference byla až pětinásobná), zvláště v případě uměle připravovaných kontrolních materiálů. Proto se jeví současná příprava kontrolních materiálů, prováděná bez standardizace, jako sporná. V oblasti hraničních hodnot nepřesahují rozdíly v analytických výsledcích biologických vzorků dvojnásobek. Kolísání hodnot výsledků vyšších než 100 μg/l bylo mezi rozdílnými metodami do 40 %. Všechny hodnocené imunoanalytické metody jsou vhodné a velmi dobře porovnatelné (Korelační koeficienty do 0,994). Závěr: Naše výsledky potvrzují očekávané interference matric, které se projevují zvláště v oblasti normálních a hraničních koncentrací NSE. Dalším zdrojem diskrepancí může být rozdílná afinita protilátek vůči izoenzymům αγ- a γγ-enolázy., Objective: Long-term external quality assessments suggest that the individual results of different immunoassays are often not comparable. Our goal was to assess the possible sources of these differences. Methods: The paper is based on the results of analyses using seven different immunoassays: DELFIA (PerkinElmer), Elecsys 2010 (Roche), Kryptor (B.R.A.H.M.S.), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay DRG and three methods based on immunoradiometric assays (DiaSorin, Immunotech and Schering-CIS). Results: The following parameters were evaluated: precision profile of individual methods, linearity on dilution, modified recovery and comparability of immunoassays. The analytical results for certain low concentration specimens correlate well while others do not (up to five – fold difference), especially in the case of controls prepared synthetically. Therefore, the current non-standardized preparation of controls seems to be questionable. In the cut-off range, the difference in the results of native samples does not exceed its double value. The variation in values higher than 100 μg/l obtained with different assays is under 40 %. All the evaluated immunoassays are efficient and highly comparable (The correlation coefficients are up to 0.994). Conclusion: Our results confirm the expected matrix interference occurring especially in the range of normal and cut-off NSE concentrations. Another source of discrepancies can be put down to different antibody affinity to αγ- and γγ-enolase isoenzymes., Petr Štern, V. Bartoš, J. Uhrová, and Lit. 19
The condition of the protective barrier of the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer associated and non-associated with H. pylori infection has been studied. The state of gastric mucosal barrier was studied in 72 patients with peptic ulcer disease association with H. pylori and 26 patients without H. pylori by determining the content of insoluble glycoproteins and its fractions in the basal portion of the gastric juice. In a comparative perspective the state of these indicators were studied depending on the association with H. pylori and the severity of the disease. In patients with H. pylori, damages of protective mucus barrier are characterized by the significant shortage of fucose, which is considered to be the main component of the insoluble glycoproteins. In patients without H. pylori, status of mucosal barrier is characterized by uniform and less significant reduction in the content of fractions of insoluble glycoproteins. In this patients the reduction of insoluble glycoproteins is not dependent on the frequency of exacerbation. The content of fucose in the mucous gel of gastric juice is a diagnostic criterion for determining the frequency of recurrence of the disease in patients with H. pylori infection., Abdujalol Vahabovich Yakubov, Nargiza Ihsanovna Pulatova, and Literatura
Síla stisku ruky je velmi dobrým ukazatelem zdraví, výkonnosti kosterního svalstva a celkově je dobrým indikátorem zdravotního stavu a vitality. Testosteron je hormon, který je primárně zodpovědný za rozvoj sekundárních pohlavních znaků a zároveň má silný vztah k tělesné síle a zevním ukazatelům rozvoje skeletální svaloviny. Byla publikována řada prací, které poukazují na úzký vztah mezi testosteronem a agresí. Nebyl však doposud vysvětlen kauzální vztah mezi hladinou testosteronu a výsledným agresivním chováním, tedy konkrétní působení metabolitů testosteronu v specifických oblastech mozku. Na základě publikovaných experimentálních prací jsou diskutována některá možná/částečná vysvětlení působení testosteronu na vznik agresivního chování. Dále je diskutován vztah mezi silou stisku ruky a lidským sexuálním chováním – tedy sexuální dimorfismus v síle stisku, ženská percepce (v rozdílných fázích menstruačního cykly) stisku ruky u mužů a volba partnera ve vztahu k jeho fitness (jak je hodnocena dle síly stisku ruky, jež je dobrým ukazatelem hladiny testosteronu)., Handgrip strength (HGS) is a very good marker of physical health, good muscle performance and an overall indicator of health status and vitality. Testosterone, as a hormone primarily responsible for secondary sexual traits development, is also strongly correlated to body strength and somatic features which represent it. It has been widely reported that testosterone correlates with aggression. However, the pathway of testosterone metabolites in specific brain regions, or cause and effect formula of testosterone level and aggression has not been satisfactorily explained. Several possible and/or partial explanations based on published experiments are discussed. Furthermore, the relation between HGS and human sexual behavior is discussed – the sexual dimorphism in HGS, the perception of male HGS by females at different stages of the menstrual cycle and the selection of a partner with respect to his fitness (as estimated by HGS which is a good indicator of testosterone level)., and Daniela Cunha, Filipe Monteiro, Yasin Hamarat, Martin Čuta
The effect of aqueous and ether Chelidonium majus haulms extract on cervical HeLa tumor cells, mammary adenocarcinoma MCF 7 tumor cells and acute lymphoblastic leukemia CEM tumor cells in vitro have been studied. The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of aqueous and ether Chelidonium majus haulms extract on selected tumor cells. Colorimetric MTT assay have been used for the study of the antiproliferative effect of aqueous and ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus on cell viability in vitro. The results of the experiments have shown the cytotoxic effect of the aqueous and the ether Chelidonium majus haulms extract on the individual tumor cells. The aqueous Chelidonium majus haulms extract was the most effective on CEM cells, it was less effective on MCF 7 cells and it was the least effective on HeLa cells. The ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus was the most effective at all of studied concentrations on CEM cells and MCF 7 cells in comparison with HeLa cells, where it was significantly effective only at the highest concentration. Aqueous and ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus tested in vitro indicated their cytotoxic activity. Both haulms extract of Chelidonium majus were more efficient on CEM cells. It is assumed that higher antiproliferative activity of ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus is the result of higher antiproliferative activity of lipophilic substances. The lipophilic substances pass through membrane and bind to various proteins and change their biological activity., Vladimíra Tomečková, Veronika Tkáčová, Peter Urban, Marek Stupák, and Literatura