Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common in very premature infants. Pharmacological closure of PDA with indomethacin, a prostaglandin inhibitor, has remained the mainstay of treatment in premature infants over the last three decades. Intravenous ibuprofen was recently shown to be as effective and to have fewer adverse reaction in preterm infants. If equally effective, then oral ibuprofen for PDA closure would have several important advantages over the intravenous route. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of oral ibuprofen and intravenous ibuprofen for the early pharmacological treatment of PDA in LBW preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Methods A randomized, single-blinded, controlled study was performed on premature neonates at the neonatal care unit of the University Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology”Koco Gliozheni”, Tirana, Albania, from January 2010 to December 2012. The study enrolled 68 preterm infants with gestational age between 28-32 weeks, birth weight ≤ 2000 g, postnatal age 48-96 h, and had echocardiographically confirmed significant PDA. The preterm infants received either intravenous or oral ibuprofen randomly as an initial dose of 10 mg/kg, followed by 5 mg/kg at 24 and 48 h. After the first dose of treatment in both groups, echocardiographic evaluation was performed, to determine the need for a second or third dose. The rate of ductal closure, adverse effects, complications, and the patient’s clinical course were recorded. Results All patients were born after 28 until 32 weeks’ gestation. 36 patients were treated with oral ibuprofen and 32 with intravenous ibuprofen in this period. After the first course of the treatment, the PDA closed in 30 (83.3%) of the patients assigned to the oral ibuprofen group versus 23 (71.8%) of those enrolled in the intravenous ibuprofen group (p = 0.355). There was no difference between treatment groups in demographics or baseline renal function. In the evaluation of renal tolerance, none of the patients had oliguria. There were no significant differences with respect to complications during the stay. Conclusions In low birth weight infants, the rate of early ductal closure with oral ibuprofen is at least as good as with the intravenous route. Oral ibuprofen is associated with fewer adverse effects, Alketa Hoxha, Ermira Kola, Numila Kuneshka, Eduard Tushe, and Literatura
Základním předpokladem dobré prezentace výsledků klinických a laboratorních studií je správně provedená studie. V medicíně založené na důkazech (EBM – evidence based medicine) existují různé typy studií s rozličným významem a odlišnou výpovědní hodnotou. Každý typ studie má svá specifika, kterých je nutno se při realizaci držet – originální hypotéza, design studie, vhodná metodika, výběr nemocných včetně jejich počtu, kontrolní skupina a náležité statistické zpracování. Výsledky studie je pak třeba prezentovat přijatelnou a srozumitelnou formou, nejlépe názorně s využitím přehledných tabulek, grafů a obrázků. Podrobnější prezentace bude jistě v článku, naproti tomu přednáška či poster mají být především názorné a zaujmout posluchače., A well performed study is an indispensable prerequisite for a good presentation of results of clinical and laboratory studies. In evidence based medicine (EBM) several types of studies exist, each of them with different significance. Each study type has its specific features which have to be respected when realizing the study – original hypothesis, study design, convenient methods, and selection of patients including their number, control group and adequate statistical evaluation. Study results have to be presented in an understandable form, if possible with tables, graphs and figures. A more detailed presentation is usually provided in a paper while a lecture or a poster should be mainly interesting and attractive for the audience., Kalousová M., Zima T., and Lit.: 3
Vzdálené metastázy maligních tumorů do oblasti obličeje jsou vzácné. Vyskytují se jak v měkkých tkáních ústní dutiny a obličeje, tak ve skeletu čelistí a jejich diagnostika nemusí být vždy snadná. Při plánování terapeutických postupů je nutné brát v úvahu celkový stav pacienta, prognózu a stupeň generalizace nádorového onemocnění. Na příkladech tří pacientů autoři prezentují vlastní zkušenosti s diagnostikou a terapií orálních metastáz zhoubných nádorů extraorální primární lokalizace. Práce je doplněna souhrnem dostupných informací o incidenci metastatických zhoubných nádorů v orofaciální oblasti., Distant metastasis of malignant tumors in the facial area are rare. They occur both in the soft tissues of the oral cavity and face and skeletal jaw bones and their diagnosis is not always easy. In planning therapeutic procedures, one must take into account the patient‘s general health, prognosis and degree of cancer generalization. The authors present their own experience in the diagnosis and therapy of three cases of oral cancer metastasis with extraoral primary localisation. The histories are accompanied by a summary of available information on the incidence of metastatic malignant tumors in the orofacial region., Štefan Juhász, Richard Pink, Jiří Šimek, Petr Tvrdý, and Literatura