Castlemanova choroba je vzácnou nosologickou jednotkou, která byla v literatuře poprvé popsána v roce 1954 Castlemanem a Lownovou. Jde o onemocnění primárně postihující lymfatické uzliny, u kterého se rozlišují čtyři histomorfologické podtypy a dva klinické obrazy (uni a multicentrický). Nejčastěji se klinicky projeví jako lymfadenopatie mediastina, krku či retroperitonea. Příznaky nemoci jsou výrazně heterogenní a záleží na daném histologickém podtypu. Taktéž prognóza se liší podle typu nemoci, kdy může jít jak o zcela benigní nálezy (zejména forma unicentrická), tak o potenciálně maligní formu, při které nemoc progreduje až do stadia maligní lymfoproliferace (multicentrická forma). Autoři prezentují případ 29letého muže s klinicky manifestním (ikterus, poruchy střevní pasáže) objemným tumorem retroperitonea lokalizovaným subhepatálně, který byl úspěšně radikálně exstirpován. Pooperační průběh byl nekomplikovaný. Definitivní histopatologická diagnóza potvrdila hyalinně-vaskulární typ Castlemanovy nemoci. Vzhledem k tomu, že se jednalo o multicentrickou formu onemocnění, bude následovat adjuvantní onkologická léčba. Klíčová slova: Castlemanova choroba − tumor retroperitonea, Castleman disease is rare diagnosis. It was first mentioned in literature in 1954 by doctor Castleman and Lown. It is rare sickness which primary affects lymfatic nodes. There are four histo-morfologic subtypes and two clinic manifestations (uni and mulicentric). Comon clinical picture is simple lymfadenopathy of neck, medistinal a retroperitonal lymfatic nodes. Signs of this disease are heterogenic and depend on histological subtype. Also prognosis depends on type of illness. It should take place as benign diagnosis (unicentric form) but also can be potencionally malignant form which shlould exacerbate to malignant lymfoproliferation (multicentric form). Authors present the case of 29 years old men with clinical manifestation (jundice, intermitent bowel obstruction) of lagre retroperitoneal tumor in subhepatal localization. The treatment was radical surgical extirpation, surgery was without complications. Definitive histological diagnosis was confirmed as hyaline-vascular type of Castleman disease. Because the patient´s clinical form was multicentric, he is now undergoing adjuvant oncological treatment. Key words: Castleman disease − reproperitoneal tumor, and J. Fichtl, V. Třeška, J. Vodička, R. Šulc, O. Hes, R. Tupý
CD200 and its receptor were recognized as having the multiple immunoregulatory functions. Their immunoregulatory, suppressive, and tolerogenic potentials could be very effectively exploited in the treatment of many diseases, e.g. Alzheimer disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and allergy to name only some. Many research projects are aimed to develop clinically valuable methods being based on the structure and function of these paired molecules. In this review, we would like to introduce CD200/CD200R functions in a clinical context., Drahomíra Holmannová, Martina Koláčková, Kateřina Kondělková, Pavel Kuneš, Jan Krejsek, Ctirad Andrýs, and Literatura 51
CD200/CD200R are highly conserved type I paired membrane glycoproteins that belong to the Ig superfamily containing a two immunoglobulin‑like domain (V, C). CD200 is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types, whereas CD200R is primarily expressed in myeloid and lymphoid cells. They fulfill multiple functions in regulating inflammation. The interaction between CD200/CD200R results in activation of the intracellular inhibitory pathway with RasGAP recruitment and thus contributes to effector cell inhibition. It was confirmed that the CD200R activation stimulates the differentiation of T cells to the Treg subset, upregulates indoleamine 2,3‑dioxygenase activity, modulates cytokine environment from a Th1 to a Th2 pattern, and facilitates an antiinflammatory IL‑10 and TGF‑β synthesis. CD200/CD200R are required for maintaining self‑tolerance. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of CD200 in controlling autoimmunity, inflammation, the development and spread of cancer, hypersensitivity, and spontaneous fetal loss., Drahomíra Holmannová, Martina Koláčková, Kateřina Kondělková, Pavel Kuneš, Jan Krejsek, Ctirad Andrýs, and Literatura 46