Ačkoliv konvenční techniky zobrazení magnetickou rezonancí mají dominantní postavení při vyšetření centrálního nervového systému, přesto tyto techniky nedokážou dát informaci o funkčních vlastnostech mozkové tkáně. Kromě konvenčních MR technik však existují i MR metody umožňující některé z těchto vlastností zobrazit. Mezi ně můžeme zařadit funkční magnetickou rezonanci, difuzně vážené zobrazování, resp. zobrazení difuzního tenzoru a morfometrickou analýzu. Tento článek podává přehled fyzikálních základů zmíněných MR metod a jejich využití ve výzkumu a klinické praxi., Although conventional MR imaging techniques play a crucial role in the examination of the central nervous system, these techniques can not give any information about functional properties of the brain tissue. Besides conventional MRI techniques, however, there are some MR methods enabling evaluation of these functional properties. These methods include functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging or diffusion tensor imaging, and voxel based morphometry This article presents the basic physical concepts of the above-mentioned MR techniques and the, and Ibrahim Ibrahim, Jaroslav Tintěra
Síla stisku ruky je velmi dobrým ukazatelem zdraví, výkonnosti kosterního svalstva a celkově je dobrým indikátorem zdravotního stavu a vitality. Testosteron je hormon, který je primárně zodpovědný za rozvoj sekundárních pohlavních znaků a zároveň má silný vztah k tělesné síle a zevním ukazatelům rozvoje skeletální svaloviny. Byla publikována řada prací, které poukazují na úzký vztah mezi testosteronem a agresí. Nebyl však doposud vysvětlen kauzální vztah mezi hladinou testosteronu a výsledným agresivním chováním, tedy konkrétní působení metabolitů testosteronu v specifických oblastech mozku. Na základě publikovaných experimentálních prací jsou diskutována některá možná/částečná vysvětlení působení testosteronu na vznik agresivního chování. Dále je diskutován vztah mezi silou stisku ruky a lidským sexuálním chováním – tedy sexuální dimorfismus v síle stisku, ženská percepce (v rozdílných fázích menstruačního cykly) stisku ruky u mužů a volba partnera ve vztahu k jeho fitness (jak je hodnocena dle síly stisku ruky, jež je dobrým ukazatelem hladiny testosteronu)., Handgrip strength (HGS) is a very good marker of physical health, good muscle performance and an overall indicator of health status and vitality. Testosterone, as a hormone primarily responsible for secondary sexual traits development, is also strongly correlated to body strength and somatic features which represent it. It has been widely reported that testosterone correlates with aggression. However, the pathway of testosterone metabolites in specific brain regions, or cause and effect formula of testosterone level and aggression has not been satisfactorily explained. Several possible and/or partial explanations based on published experiments are discussed. Furthermore, the relation between HGS and human sexual behavior is discussed – the sexual dimorphism in HGS, the perception of male HGS by females at different stages of the menstrual cycle and the selection of a partner with respect to his fitness (as estimated by HGS which is a good indicator of testosterone level)., and Daniela Cunha, Filipe Monteiro, Yasin Hamarat, Martin Čuta
AIMS: Authors studied potential side effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) in cultivation media on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) during long-term cultivation. METHODS: Two lines of DPSC obtained healthy donors (male 22 years, female 23 years) were used. Both lines were cultivated under standard cultivation conditions in four different media containing 10% or 2% FCS and substituted with growth factors. During long-term cultivation proliferation ability, karyotype and phenotype of DPSC were measured. RESULTS: Both lines of DPSC cultivated in a media containing 2% FCS and ITS supplement showed the highest number of population doublings. On the other hand the proliferation rate of DPSC cultivated in a media with 2% FCS without ITS supplement was slowest. Proliferation rate of DPSC cultivated in 10% FCS media with or without FGF-2 was comparable. DPSC cultivated in a media with 10% FCS showed a significantly higher amount of chromosomal aberrations. These chromosomal aberrations do not seem to be clonal but surprisingly we found large amounts of tetraploid cells in the 9th passage in both media containing 10% FCS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study proved that cultivation of DPSC in media containing higher concentration of FCS has critical side effects on cell chromosomal stability. and J. Suchánek, TS. Kleplová, M. Kapitán, T. Soukup
This study aimed to investigate alterations in hemorheology induced by L-carnosine, an anti- oxidant dipeptide, and to determine their relationship to oxidative stress in density-separated erythrocytes of aged and young rats. 28 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups as aged (Aca), young (Yca) L-carnosine groups (250 mg/kg L-carnosine, i.p.) and aged (As), young (Ys) control groups (saline, i.p.). Density separation was further performed to these groups in order to separate erythrocytes according to their age. Blood samples were used for the determination of erythrocyte deformability, aggregation; and oxidative stress parameters. Erythrocyte deformability of Yca group measured at 0.53 Pa was lower than Aca group. Similarly, deformability of least-dense (young) erythrocytes of Yca group was decreased compared to least-dense erythrocytes of Aca groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of Aca group was higher and oxidative stress index (OSI) lower than As group. Although L-carnosine resulted in an enhancement in TAC of aged rats, this favorable effect was not observed in erythrocyte deformability and aggregation in the dose applied in this study. and G. Erken, M. Bor-Kucukatay, E. KilicToprak, B. Akdag, V. Kucukatay
Competencies develop and changes throughout a persons life, they can gain or lose, going through various age stages. Their development does not end in youth, but continue on through the adult life. The ability to thing and reflect those thoughts specifically come forward in the center of structure of competency, which grows at the same time as the individual matures. One of the competency types is health competency. Health competency is a relatively new concept; it is not sufficiently researched. Aim of the study was to determine the factors of an adult individual health competency. 827 respondents participated in the study, in the processing of data was used SPSS. Was used factor analysis, analysis of variance with ANOVA and KruskalWallis test and Pearsons correlation. It was found that health competency is affected by several factors. These are: health education, health behavior, and the value of the environment. Each of the sets was distributed to key factors. It is the main factors affecting the health competence, but additional factors are: gender, education and income., Inara Upmale, Andrejs Geske, and Literatura