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15942. Normative naturalism on its own terms

Creator:
Väyrynen, Pekka
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
authoritative normativity, normative concepts, normative naturalism, one-term naturalism, and practical normativity
Language:
Slovak
Description:
Normative naturalism is primarily a metaphysical doctrine: there are normative facts and properties, and these fall into the class of natural facts and properties. Many objections to naturalism rely on additional assumptions about language or thought, but often without adequate consideration of just how normative properties would have to figure in our thought and talk if naturalism were true. In the first part of the paper, I explain why naturalists needn’t think that normative properties can be represented or ascribed in wholly non-normative terms. If so, certain prominent objections to normative naturalism fail. In the second part, I consider the objection that normative properties are “just too different” from (other) natural properties to themselves be natural properties. I argue that naturalists have no distinctive trouble making sense of thought and talk involving forms of “genuine” or “authoritative” normativity which can drive a non-question-begging form of the objection.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15943. Normativní a empirické předpoklady moderní demokracie aneb Janusovská tvář veřejného mínění

Creator:
Daniel Kunštát
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, stati, writings, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Společenské vědy, výzkum veřejného mínění, public opinion polls, elections, public opinion, modern mass democracies, 18, and 3
Language:
Czech
Description:
The following text outlines some aspects of people‘s decision making process during elections in modern mass democracies. Particularly, the aspect of (in)competence of electorate or, as the case may be, the problem of rationality of the political audiance that creates the public opinion. The arguments proving the discrepancy between the normativ and the empiric character of public opinion are purposly disbalanced based on the evaluation of reality. This, however, does not in any way influence the evaluation of adequacy of the democratic normativ., Není sporu o tom, že etablování všeobecného volebního práva v mnoha směrech proměnilo základní politický půdorys veřejného prostoru liberálních (ústavně pluralitních) demokracií. V tomto textu se pokusím načrtnout některé aspekty volebního rozhodování v moderních masových demokraciích, zejména pak téma (ne)kompetence voličů respektive problém racionality politického publika neboli veřejného mínění. Je třeba předeslat, že argumentace je vědomě poněkud jednostranně vystavěna na základě kritické evaluace reálného stavu a fakticky se nijak nedotýká hodnocení adekvátnosti demokratického normativu., Daniel Kunštát., and Seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15946. Nos3 gene Rs1799983 and Rs2070744 polymorphisms in patients with periodontal disease

Creator:
Mazurek-Mochol, M., Kozak, M., Sawczuk, M., Maciejewska, A., D., Safranow, K., and Pawlik, A.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gene polymorphism, NOS3 gene, and periodontal disease
Language:
English
Description:
Periodontal disease is a common oral disease. Inflammatory and immune responses to oral microorganisms initiate the development of periodontitis. Cigarette smoking is an important environmental risk factor for periodontitis. Another important inflammatory mediator is nitric oxide (NO). NO modulates vascular tone, microvascular permeability, leukocyte migration and oxidative activity, contributing to the direct killing of microorganisms. Several polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene have been detected, which may alter gene expression and NO synthesis. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the NOS3 rs1799983 and rs2070744 polymorphisms and periodontal disease. This study enrolled 200 patients with periodontal diseases (130 were non-smokers and 70 were smokers) and 160 control subjects (126 were non-smokers and 34 were smokers). Among the patients with periodontal disease, we observed a statistically increased frequency of patients with the CT genotype (TC vs. TT; 95%CI 1.83, OR 1.16–2.88, P = 0.011). There was a statisti-cally significant increased frequency of CT genotype carriers among non-smoking patients with periodontal disease as compared with non-smoking controls, whereas there were no statistically significant differences between smoking patients with periodontal disease and smoking control subjects. The results of our study suggest an association between the NOS3rs2070744 polymorphism and periodontal disease. and Corresponding author: Andrzej Pawlik
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

15947. Nosenie na hlave ako archaický spôsob transportu nákladov v európskom priestore

Creator:
Slobodová Nováková, Katerína
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
transport, transport on the head, and European contexts
Language:
Czech
Description:
The study deals with an archaic way of carrying burdens in Europe, namely with carrying on the head. Various burdens are carried placed or fastened¨on the head, on the top of the head, at the back of the head, and at the neck. The burden is put on the head directly, or it is placed in various types of transport aid (baskets, pack baskets, wooden or earth vessels etc.) which are fastene in several ways on the head. This method of burden carrying, in contrast to other ways of transport, has not been a subject-matter of comparative analyses to date. An in-depth analysis and comparison of the hitherto published works, and the reappraisal of older research and iconographic and cartographic materials are supposed to help bring up a hypothesis about autochtonousness of this method to transport burdens in the Central-European space. Several authors considered the carrying on the head to have been imported to Central Europe from the Balkan Peninsula. and As this method occurred in Northern, Southern, and Western Europe, even on the British Islands, the Faroe Islands, and the Shetland Islands, we think that it developed independently, and it was always based on natural, cultural and historical conditions in particular countries and com munities. Several records and investigations point out a common way of transporting burdens in farming or on journey For this reason we mean that this method was common in the Central European space in the past, andit also developed independently there, as it did in the rest of the European territory. Based on comparative analyses it is possible to modify the assertions that carrying on the head was imported to Central Europe from the Balkan Peninsula. According to our findings and analyses, it developed in the Central European space independently, and it was significantlyinfluenced by natural conditions, forms of traditional occupations, and ethnical and social compositions of inhabitants, division oflabour etc., as it was in all parts of Europe. We used similaror identical methods of carrying and techniques of carrying the burdens on the head in all research locations. For this reason, we consider carrying on the head to have been a common way of carrying burdens in Europe even in the inter-war period. We can find residues of it in Europe even today, namely in Spain, Portuguese, Italy, and in the rural environment in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

15948. Nositel NC za fyziku 2005 přednášel v Praze

Creator:
Cejnarová, Andrea
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Hänsch, Theo W, 1941-, nositelé cen a vyznamenání, Nobelova cena (ocenění), fyzici, laureates, Nobel Prizes, physicists, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
V rámci společného projektu společnosti Honeywell a ČVUT v Praze "Honeywell Nobel Initiative" přednesl 31. března v Praze na Fakultě elektrotechnické ČVUT přednášku prof. Theodor W. Hänsch, nositel Nobelovy ceny za fyziku v roce 2005. Následující den pak proběhl seminář s pracovním názvem "Ke kvantové laboratoři na čipu" (Towards a quantum laboratory on a chip) a beseda se studenty a pedagogy. and Andrea Cejnarová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

15950. Notch and Cdk5 in zebrafish Mindbomb mutant: co-regulation or coincidence?

Creator:
Kanungo, J., Goswami, M. T., and Pant, H. C.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
neuron, delta, ubiquitin ligase, mindbomb, Cdk5, and Notch
Language:
English
Description:
Notch signalling is critical for the development of the nervous system. In the zebrafish mind-bomb mutants, disruption of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity inhibits Notch signalling. In these utant embryos, precocious development of primary neurons leading to depletion of neural progenitor cells results in a neurogenic phenotype characterized by defects in neural patterning and brain development. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a predominant neuronal kinase, is involved in a variety of essential functions of the nervous system. Most recently, mammalian studies on Notch and Cdk5 regulating each other’s function have been emerging. The status of Cdk5 in the mindbomb mutant embryos with excessive primary neurons is not known. In situ hybridization of the zebrafish mindbomb mutant embryos uncovered a robust upregulation in Cdk5 expression but with a reduced Cdk5 activity. The implications of these findings in both the mammalian system and zebrafish are discussed in this mini-review to provide a glimpse into the relationship between Notch and Cdk5 that may explain certain neurodevelopmental defects associated with either mutations in ubiquitin ligase or altered expression of Cdk5. and Corresponding author: Jyotshna Kanungo
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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