The Academy Assembly is the highest body of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic responsible for the topmost priority decisions related to the AS CR. It convened its XXXII Meeting in the Municipal House in Vinohrady of the 24th April 2008. One of the distinguished guests of Assembly was Dr. Jüri Engelbrecht, president of the ALLEA board who talked about the role of ALLEA in uniting European Academies. and Miroslav Šmidák.
Recently, Yager in the article "On some new classes of implication operators and their role in approximate reasoning" \cite{Yager_2004} has introduced two new classes of fuzzy implications called the f-generated and g-generated implications. Along similar lines, one of us has proposed another class of fuzzy implications called the h-generated implications. In this article we discuss in detail some properties of the above mentioned classes of fuzzy implications and we describe their relationships amongst themselves and with the well established (S,N)-implications and R-implications. In the cases where they intersect the precise sub-families have been determined.
Reperfusion therapies for ischaemic stroke can induce secondary injury accompanied by neuronal death. The Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), an oncoprotein, is critical for regulating tumour cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, we wanted to know whether YBX1 could regulate neuronal cell apoptosis caused by cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). We established a model of cerebral I/R-induced injury in vitro by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment and determined YBX1 expression using Western blot. Next, the effect of YBX1 on the apoptosis and viability of OGD/R-treated PC12 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, MTT assay, and Western blot. Besides, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to evaluate oxidative stress of PC12 cells induced by OGD/R. The regulatory roles of YBX1 in the AKT/GSK3β pathway were examined by Western blot. As a result, OGD/R treatment down-regulated YBX1 expression in PC12 cells. YBX1 over-expression attenuated the growth inhibition and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by OGD/R. Besides, the increase of LDH release and the decrease of SOD and CAT activities caused by OGD/R were reversed by YBX1 over-expression. Moreover, YBX1 over-expression could activate the AKT/GSK3β pathway in OGD/ R-treated PC12 cells. Therefore, YBX1 could protect against OGD/R-induced injury in PC12 cells through activating the AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway, and thus YBX1 has the potential to become a therapeutic target for cerebral I/R-induced injury.