The Research Centre of the Oriental Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences at Academia Sinica in Taiwan (RCT) was established on December 3, 2015. It is designed to act as a branch office of the Oriental Institute of the CAS and is intended to serve as a platform facilitating and strengthening academic exchanges between Czech and Taiwanese scholars as well as institutions. The Centre is a part of a long-term interdisciplinary research project entitled Power and Strategies of Social and Political Order. Czech research fellows are expected to participate in conferences and hold colloqiums with their Taiwanese colleagues. In cooperation with the Academia Sinica, the Institute plans to organize annual joint workshops and publish their proceedings. It will concomitantly continue building the network of patner institutions and thus create a solid foundation for further scholarly exchanges. In cooperation with Charles University in Prague it will also support doctoral students wishing to conduct research at the Centre. and Táňa Dluhošová.
While in the past customs and rituals formed completely natural part of people’s lives, as the old social structure fell apart, the original groups of bearers of community customs (young people working on the farms, recruits, etc.) disappeared and had to be replaced by organized bodies such as voluntary fire brigades. When some of the old traditions vanished, the need arose for new cultural elements to be created. thus organizations inspired by the legacy of
their ancestors started their activities focused on saving residues of local traditional culture. Folk culture has a unique ability to represent people. This happens on three levels: communal, club and individual. Communities use traditional culture to express their uniqueness and belonging to an ethnographic region. The second level relates first of all to voluntary fire brigades for whom traditional events mean chances to take active part in the retention of annual customs, to show themselves in the most festive manner, and to raise money for their own activities as well as for public purposes.
Individual efforts to keep traditions and to participate in creation of local identity constitute the third level. What makes people retain and renew old customs is the need to socialize, to share community values that distinguish them from other groups.
Traditional culture is a source of self-identification and representation.
Thirteen deniers and obols from the 10th-12th centuries and one Roman coin were discovered at Staré zámky hillfort. The coins were from the time of Czech prince Boleslav II., king Vladislav II. and three Hungarian kings from the 11th and 12th centuries. The collection consists of several fake (imitation) deniers from the end of the 10th century. In addition, two weights were found within the hillfort-area. This article focuses on the 10th century coins. An increasing number of fake denier finds suggests that these coins were probably minted in Moravia by the locals., Jan Videman., Německé resumé., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The study maps the development of work and organizational psychology in the Czech Republic. The first part outlines the development of the discipline in the world, which took place in two main lines concentrated on individual and social aspects. The second part deals with the development of work and organizational psychology in the then Czechoslovakia, with particular emphasis on the Czech lands. The development of psychotechnics was supported by international institutional cooperation (the Institute of Psychotechnics at the VI Division of the Masaryk Academy of Labor started its activities in 1920) and the establishment of specialized workplaces in large companies (e.g. the Vítkovice Ironworks, Baťa Zlín, Electrical Enterprises of Prague). Psychotechnics focused mainly on work analysis, pre-employment personality attributes diagnostics, employee selection and placement, performance and productivity analysis, employee evaluation and motivation, consultancy in the choice of profession as well as personal problems etc. The development of work and organizational psychology in Czechoslovakia was briefly discontinued in the 1950s, and subsequently revived at the turn of the fifties and sixties, when professional psychological activities started taking place at universities and in various research institutions., In order to solve contemporary problems related to the human factor in industry, professional psychological workplaces were either renewed or newly created in several large enterprises and organizations and their management departments. The scope of their activities was extensive and included routine selective diagnostics as well as consulting, and expert activities including scientific research. At present, following the transition to a market economy after 1990, professional activities and staffing of psychological workplaces in individual economic organizations and companies have been gradually reduced to complete dissolution, and the efforts to meet the requirements for psychological services have been moved to specialized external companies. The third part of the study discusses selected experts who significantly contributed to the development of Czech work and organizational psychology and their publishing activities., V první části poukazuje na základní směřování disciplíny ve světě, která se odehrává ve dvou hlavních liniích zaměřených na individuální a sociální hlediska. Druhá část se zabývá vývojem psychologie práce a organizace v tehdejším Československu, především s ohledem na české země. Pozornost je věnována zejména psychotechnice. Její rozvoj byl podpořen mezinárodní spoluprací, institucionálně (v roce 1920 zahájil činnost Psychotechnický ústav při VI. Odboru Masarykovy akademie práce) i vznikem odborných pracovišť ve velkých firmách (např. Vítkovické železárny, Baťa Zlín, Elektrické podniky pražské). Psychotechnika se orientovala podobně jako ve světě zejména na analýzu práce, výběr a rozmisťování zaměstnanců, na racionální úpravu pracovních podmínek, hodnocení pracovníků a jejich motivaci, na poradenství při výběru profese a osobních problémech apod. Po období rozvoje psychologie práce a organizace v tehdejším Československu následovala stagnace v padesátých letech dvacátého století., and Po jejím odeznění přicházel postupně další rozvoj na přelomu padesátých a šedesátých let. Odborné psychologické aktivity se uplatňovaly na vysokých školách a v různých výzkumných institucích. K řešení aktuálních problémů spojených s lidským faktorem v průmyslu byla obnovována nebo nově vytvářena odborná psychologická pracoviště v řadě velkých podniků a organizací a jejich řídících útvarech. Okruh řešené problematiky byl rozsáhlý a zahrnoval rutinní výběrovou diagnostiku i poradenskou a expertizní činnost včetně vědeckého výzkumu. V současnosti, v souvislosti s přechodem k tržní ekonomice po roce 1990, byla odborná činnost i personální obsazení řady etablovaných psychologických pracovišť v jednotlivých hospodářských organizacích a firmách postupně redukována až k úplnému zrušení. Uspokojování požadavků na psychologické služby se pak přesunulo do specializovaných externích firem. Ve třetí části studie jsou přiblíženy některé osobnosti, které se významně podílely na rozvoji české psychologie práce a organizace, a jejich publikační aktivity.