After sigmoid activation function is replaced with piecewise linear activation function, the adding decaying self-feedback continuous Hopfield neural network (ADSCHNN) searching space changes to hyper-cube space, i.e. the simplified ADSCHNN is obtained. Then, convergence analysis is given for the simplified ADSCHNN in hyper-cube space. It is proved through convergence analysis that the ADSCHNN outperforms the continuous Hopfield neural network (CHNN), when they are applied to solve optimization problem. It is also proved that when extra self-feedback is negative, the ADSCHNN is more effective than the extra self-feedback is positive, when the ADSCHNN is applied to solve TSP.
In a case-cohort design, covariate histories are measured only on cases and a subcohort that is randomly selected from the entire cohort. This design has been widely used in large epidemiologic studies, especially when the exposures of interest are expensive to assemble for all the subjects. In this paper, we propose statistical procedures for analyzing case-cohort sampled current status data under the additive hazards model. Asymptotical properties of the proposed estimator are described and we suggest a resampling method to estimate the variances. Simulation studies show that the proposed method works well for finite sample sizes, and one data set is analyzed for illustrative purposes.
Adiponectin (APN), an adipose tissue-excreted adipokine, plays protective roles in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of APN on biological functions of rat vascular endothelial progenitor cells (VEPCs) were investigated in vitro . After administrating APN in rat VEPCs, the proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, the apoptotic rate was test by Flow cytometry assay, mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) was analyzed by Western blot. It was suggested that APN promoted the optical density (OD) value of VEPCs, enhanced mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF, and inhibited cell apoptotic rate. Furthermore, protein expression of pSTAT3 was also increased in the presence of APN. Moreover, APN changed-proliferation, apoptosis and VEGF expression of VEPCs were partially suppressed after blocking the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway by the mTOR inhibitor XL388. It was indicated that APN promoted biological functions of VEPCs through targeting the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway., Xiaoying Dong, Xia Yan, Wei Zhang, Shengqiu Tang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
High -energy intake which exceeds energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue, predominantly in large -size adipocytes. This metabolic shift, which drives the liver to produce atherogenic dyslipidemia, is well documented. In addition, an increasing amount of monocytes/macrophages, predominantly the proinflammatory M1- type, cumulates in ectopic adipose tissue. The mechanism of this process, the turnover of macrophages in adipose tissue and their direct atherogenic effects all remain to be analyzed., R. Poledne, I. Králová Lesná, S. Čejková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
For a given bi-continuous semigroup $(T(t))_{t\geq 0}$ on a Banach space $X$ we define its adjoint on an appropriate closed subspace $X^\circ $ of the norm dual $X'$. Under some abstract conditions this adjoint semigroup is again bi-continuous with respect to the weak topology $\sigma (X^\circ ,X)$. We give the following application: For $\Omega $ a Polish space we consider operator semigroups on the space ${\rm C_b}(\Omega )$ of bounded, continuous functions (endowed with the compact-open topology) and on the space ${\rm M}(\Omega )$ of bounded Baire measures (endowed with the weak$^*$-topology). We show that bi-continuous semigroups on ${\rm M}(\Omega )$ are precisely those that are adjoints of bi-continuous semigroups on ${\rm C_b}(\Omega )$. We also prove that the class of bi-continuous semigroups on ${\rm C_b}(\Omega )$ with respect to the compact-open topology coincides with the class of equicontinuous semigroups with respect to the strict topology. In general, if $\Omega $ is not a Polish space this is not the case.
Using the concept of the $ {\mathrm H}_1$-integral, we consider a similarly defined Stieltjes integral. We prove a Riemann-Lebesgue type theorem for this integral and give examples of adjoint classes of functions.
Let y be observation vector in the usual linear model with expectation Aβ and covariance matrix known up to a multiplicative scalar, possibly singular. A linear statistic aTy is called invariant estimator for a parametric function ϕ=cTβ if its MSE depends on β only through ϕ. It is shown that aTy is admissible invariant for ϕ, if and only if, it is a BLUE of ϕ, in the case when ϕ is estimable with zero variance, and it is of the form kϕˆ, where k∈⟨0,1⟩ and ϕˆ is an arbitrary BLUE, otherwise. This result is used in the one- and two-way ANOVA models. Our paper is self-contained and accessible, also for non-specialists.