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12. Ke sporům o Viklefa a jeho 45 článků (I): Oxfordské testimonium a Štěpán z Dolan

Creator:
Dušan Coufal
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
z Dolan, Štěpán, asi 1350-1421, Wycliffe, John, 1328-1384, Puchhauser, Berthold, medievalistika, medievalistics, Morava (Česko), Vídeň (Rakousko), Moravia (Czechia), Vienna (Austria), religious controversy, The Carthusian Order, 8, and 930
Language:
Czech
Description:
This study is the first part of a planned series of articles on the issue of disputations about Wyclif in connection with his 45 articles. It analyses the anonymous undated refutation of Oxford University’s testimonial on the blameless life and work of John Wyclif, and makes it accessible in a critical edition in the form of an appendix. By taking into consideration manuscript preservation, argumentation, and literary arrangement as well as chronology, the author proves for the first time the immediate relation of the refutation to the Carthusian cloister of Údolí Josafat (Valley of Josephat) in Dolany near Olomouc and its prior Štěpán of Dolany. A component of the study is an excursion into the issue of Archbishop Zbyněk’s synodal directive to surrender books by Wyclif. and Dušan Coufal.
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13. Konfesionalita a mentalita mezi koncem 15. a druhou polovinou 16. století pohledem české knižní kultury

Creator:
Voit, Petr
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
knižní vazby, knihtisk, katolicismus, konfesionalizace, humanismus, husitství, ilustrace, reformace, náboženská literatura, renesance, utrakvismus, bookbindings, letterpress printing, Catholicism, confessionalisation, humanism, Hussitism, illustration, reformation, religious literature, renaissance, Utraquism, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Moravia (Czechia), confessionality, copying of books (manuscript), denomination, mentality, Schmalkaldic War 1547, Unity of Brethren, 8, and 930
Language:
Czech
Description:
The aim of the article is to characterise for the first time ever the role of book culture in building the confessionality of post-Hussite society and subsequent generations. For such an extensive research goal, it was necessary to choose a broad interdisciplinary approach, making it possible to place social phenomena previously assessed in isolation into the context of the day. The individual passages of the article are therefore devoted to editorial models, to the archaeology of the printed text and the basics of reading, to the history of illustration and book printing, to language and bookbinding. It has been confirmed that book culture - created by the reception of manuscript and printed products - can be understood as a faithful mirror of a religiously pluralistic society. However, where modern historiography ends with the research of confessionality, the study of book culture may begin to reveal the much more general mechanisms of the individual and social mentality in which the religious-political process took place. The mentality of the readers (burghers and partly the lesser aristocracy) for whom the copied and printed books were intended, was negatively impacted by the remnants of Hussitism and by contemporary Utraquism, which coexisted in a dualistic symbiosis with minority Catholicism. These influences, which at the time were commonly referred to as “renaissance”, bound readers to the Middle Ages. The more massive growth of their intellectual potential was made possible only by the cultural restart brought about by the change in the political situation after the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, which met with a somewhat negative response in both earlier and modern historiography. However, through the study of book culture, we are becoming convinced that the bourgeoisie began to compensate for the privileges which the monarch had deprived them of through various forms of self-education and self-presentation, by means of which it revived itself from these medieval residuals and at the same time competed with the aristocracy., Petr Voit., Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy, and Jan Pulkrábek [překladatel]
Rights:
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14. Kulturní proměny na přelomu doby kamenné a bronzové na Moravě a mimo ni ve světle kamenné štípané industrie

Creator:
Lubomír Šebela
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, archaeology, Morava (Česko), Moravia (Czechia), turn of the Stone and Bronze Ages, chipped stone industries, cultural transformations, genesis of the Bronze age, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
This study is based on the author‘s paper entitled „Przemiany kulturowe na prełomie epok kamienia i brazu na Morawach i wokól Moraw w świetle przemysłów krzemieniarskich“ wirtten as part of a habilitation thesis completed at the Socio-Historical Faculty of the Rzeszów University. Polish and English versions of this paper are available on the Central Committee for Scientific Degrees and Titles (Warsaw, Poland) web page. Due to the wide scope of the issue, this work includes only a review of lithic industries from Young Eneolithic (Jevišovice, Bošáca and Globular Amphora cultures) until the end of the Early Bronze Age (the Věteřov group) on the territories of Moravia and Czech Silesia. Comprehensive analyses of typology, technology and changes in raw material preferences have revealed specific evolutionary patterns. Cultural transformations towards the end of the Stone Age resulted in the formation of the Bronze Age in eastern Central Europe. The research indicates that Moravia played an important role in these transformations, significantly influencing the adjacent regions (Lower Austria, Bohemia, Silesia and southwest Slovakia)., Lubomír Šebela., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
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15. Markomannen und superiores barbari in Třebusice und Jevíčko zur Zeit der Markomannenkriege: Zur Problematik der Übergangsstufe B2/C1 in Böhmen und Mähren

Creator:
Eduard Droberjar
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
markomanské války, 166-180, chronologie, doba římská, Marcomannic Wars, 166-180, chronology, Roman period, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Moravia (Czechia), Germanic tribes, fibulae, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
Marcomans and "superiores barbari" in Třebusice and Jevíčko penecontemporaneous with Marcomannic Wars. The problem of transitional stage B2/C1 in Bohemia and Moravia. The paper deals with new finds of graves and settlements from Bohemia and Moravia during the second half of 2nd Century AD, especially important burials and metal artifacts (mainly fibulas) from Třebusice (Central Bohemian Region) and Jevíčko (historical territory of Moravia, now The Pardubice Region). Author focuses on developing a more detailed chronology of assemblages before, during and just after the Marcomannic Wars (B2b, B2/C1 and C1a). Evidence was found that "superiores barbari", ie. bearers of the Przeworsk and the Wielbark Culture, were present on Marcoman territory at this time. A similar situation where the Przeworsk and Wielbark Cultures appear to exist on Marcoman territory has been observed in other regions. These regions can be divided into eight main areas (north-western, central and eastern Bohemia, Malá Haná region (CZ), central and southern Moravia, Záhorie (SK) and the northern part of Lower Austria., Eduard Droberjar., České resumé., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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16. Maurus Joseph Haberhauer a Pavel Josef Marek: řádoví skladatelé druhé poloviny 18. století

Creator:
Veselá, Irena
Format:
print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Haberhauer, Maurus, 1746-1799, Marek, Pavel Josef, 1748-1806, 18. století, benediktini, augustiniáni, hudba, klasicismus (hudba), Benedictines, Augustinians, music, classicism (music), Morava (Česko), Moravia (Czechia), 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
The second half of the 18th century marked an extraordinary flowering of music, especially church music in the Czech lands. Monastic churches, in particular, were characterised by a high level of music production performed by choral scholars whose liturgical music was conducted by chosen monks. Some members of religious orders also composed. These were for example M. J. Haberhauer (1746-1799), a member of the Benedictine order situated in Rajhrad near Brno and P. J. Marek (1748-1806) who belonged to the Augustinian monastery in Brno. Both of them got a musical education as choral scholars and remained musically active also after entering orders. Eventually these two authors both performed as chorregents in the 70’s and early 80’s of the 18th century and they collected sacred and secular pieces of music of their more famous and popular contemporaries (C. Ditters, F. X. Brixi, Haydn, etc.). Apart from a few exceptions they were only composing liturgical works. Haberhauer bequeathed 90 compositions, most of whom composed of Mass for choir and solo accompanied with instrumental ensemble as well as vespers and motets. Marek, however, composed only 21 church compositions and most of them consist of Marian antiphons and litanies of Loreto. These were necessary at the Augustinians, given the honor rendered to the picture of Virgin Mary placed in their church. The two monasteries ran a mutual cooperation which can be proved by Haberhauer music collection preserved at Augustinians in Brno. Haberhauer work can be also found in the collections of other Moravian churches and also at Prague Benedictine order. While Marek’s compositions were exclusively connected to the Augustinian monastery in Brno. Their pieces of music are purely purposeful showing features of a musical classicism. Lives and works of both composers are now the subject of research of the author and of Pavel Žůrek from the Ins, Irena Veselá., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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17. Mezi tradicí a realitou: šlechtický zemský soud na tereziánské Moravě - agenda a složení stavovské instituce v posledních dekádách její existence (1740-1783)

Creator:
David, Jiří
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
18. století, právní dějiny, správní dějiny, history of law, history of administration, Morava (Česko), Moravia (Czechia), zemský soud, tereziánské reformy, provincial court, Theresian reforms, 8, and 94(437)
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Under Maria Theresa, the provincial courts in Moravia continued to operate along the lines set out in the judicial reforms of 1620-1650. Although the reform efforts of the Theresian system had little direct effect on them, the character of these courts did gradually change. By the early 1740s they were inundated with a backlog of unresolved cases that rendered them slow and unwieldy. Following the cancellation of inactive disputes, however, the number of open cases started to drop rapidly, and by the 1760s the provincial court was accepting an absolute minimum of new lawsuits. This was due less to any restrictions imposed by the state than to a lack of interest among the nobility in pursuing claims in the court. The provincial court continued to sit twice a year, but the reduction in the number of cases meant that the number of sessions in each judicial period also fell considerably. The nearly fifty cases heard by the provincial court in the reign of Maria Theresa were, however, similar in scope to those we are familiar with from the preceding period - property-related lawsuits among the nobility, disputes between monasteries and towns, criminal cases and claims by subject communities against their own landlords. Significant changes can also be discerned in the makeup of the courts, with judges being appointed on the basis of their legal training rather than their social standing or other "merits" and, generally, a far closer correspondence to other types of Theresian court, particularly the royal tribunal. There thus ceased to be a meaningful distinction between the royal and provincial judicial systems in the Theresian period., Jiří David., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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18. Mohelno-Plevovce: Kamenná struktura B

Creator:
Petr Škrdla, Jaroslav Bartík, Jan Eigner, Rychtaříková, Tereza, Nikolajev, Pavel, Nývtlová Fišáková, Miriam, Ladislav Nejman, Polanská, Michaela, and Novák, Jan
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
křišťál, rock crystal, Morava (Česko), Mohelno (Česko : oblast), Moravia (Czechia), Mohelno Region (Czechia), LGM, carenoidal microlithic tools, Szentgál radiolarite, Epigravettian, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
Mohelno-Plevovce was repeatedly occupied during the Late Upper Paleolithic. Two paved stone structures constructed from local stones have been excavated thus far. These structures are characterized by a high density of lithic artifacts within the paved area and a rapidly decreasing density away from the paved area - this is interpreted as a result of the "barrier-effect" of the covered area. The lithic tools are characterized by abundant splintered pieces, steeply retouched end scrapers, and tiny microlithic tools produced on carenoidal blanks. Utilized raw material types indicate good knowledge of local rocks including rock crystal and weathering products of serpentinite, as well as broad raw material networks including erratic flint imported from northern Moravia and Szentgál radiolarite imported from Balaton Lake area., Petr Škrdla, Jaroslav Bartík, Jan Eigner, Tereza Rychtaříková, Pavel Nikolajev, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Ladislav nejman, Michaela Polanská, Jan Novák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
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19. Molentes oder molendinarii?: Die Frage der Nutzung des Wasserrades im frühmittelalterlichen Böhmen und Mähren

Creator:
Lucie Galusová and Martina Maříková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, vodní mlýny, písemné prameny, archaeology, water mills, written sources, Čechy (Česko), Morava (Česko), Bohemia (Czechia), Moravia (Czechia), 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
Later than in the wet of Europe, it was only in the course of the 12th century that the water wheel caught on in Bohemia and Moravia. At the same time hand-powered mills were still requently being used. Until the end of the 12th century most water mills as well as water courses were the property of princes, so permission to run an existing mil or to build a new one had to be granted. The location, design of and technology used in mediaeval mills in our vicinity have not been archaeologically researched. The hypotheritcal appearance of such mills and what equipment they had can be modelled based on the results of research abroad, since similar structures might also have been in use in mediaeval Bohemia and Moravia., Lucie Galusová, Martina Maříková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
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