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2845. Barokăt v bălgarskata literatura. Săstojanie na problema

Creator:
Vasileva-Karag'ozova, Svetlana
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Bulgarian studies, Bulgarian literature, and the Baroque
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article provides an overview of the existing Bulgarian and foreign studies on the Baroque in Bulgarian literature. It notes the fact that the investigation of the problem was initiated by the Czech literary scholar V. Bechynova, whose ideas were later shared and further explored by the Bulgarian Slavists: E. Georgiev, P. Dinekov, K. Stanchev, L. Boeva, Y. Michakov, among others. Their studies identified the literatr communities and individual authors who were influenced by the Baroque style and determined the sources of Baroque influences. They also contributed to the systematization and periodization of the Bulgarian literary works containing traces of the Baroque mindset and stylistic code. The foreign scholars ((V. Bechynova, A. Angyal. A. Borowiec) confirmed the presence of the Baroque paradigm in Bulgarian literature and focused mainly on the literary production of the Bulgarian Catholics in the 17th century and the complex synthesis of the Baroque and Classicist traits in the early literature of the National Revival in the second half of the 19th century.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2847. Barokní přelud v zrcadle věčného klasicismu: Diskuse o pojmu baroka ve francouzském dějepise umění

Creator:
Biegel, Richard
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Language:
Czech
Description:
Termín baroko označuje ve středoevropském dějepise umění uměleckou formu a zároveň celou epochu, která nastupuje po renesanci a předchází klasicismu 19. století. Při vytváření velkých syntetických prací pak bývá toto časově umělecké označení aplikováno i na vývoj umění v jiných evropských zemích, a to i v těch, které jej samy v kontextu svého umění neužívají. Nejostřeji lze tento rozpor ukázat ve francouzském dějepise umění. Pojem baroko znamenal ve Francii dlouho pejorativní označení pro architekturu, která se prohřešila proti dobrému, tedy klasickému vkusu. Ztělesněním „špatného vkusu" se pak stala zejména architektura Francesca Borrominiho a jeho následovníků, z nichž někteří byli i studenty francouzské akademie v Římě. V 19. a 20. století prošel pojem baroko zajímavou proměnou, při které se z „narušovatele" klasické architektury stal v představách některých teoretiků jejím věčným protipólem. Po druhé světové válce začali francouzští badatelé objevovat středoevropskou architekturu 18. století. Díky tomu pozitivní vnímání tohoto pojmu ještě zesílilo. V současné době se dokonce hovoří o tom, že pojem „barokní" může vystřídat dříve užívaný pojem „klasický", který po staletí charakterizoval francouzskou architekturu od ló. do 19. století. Tímto ztotožněním dvou původně protichůdných pojmů by však oba ztratily smysl. Práce se pokouší upozornit na to, že pojmosloví každé uměleckohistorické školy se vyvíjí spolu se zkoumáním konkrétního materiálu a že takto vzniklé pojmy není možné mechanicky přenášet z jednoho kulturního okruhu do druhého. Zároveň naznačuje, že nelze rezignovat na snahu hledat tyto univerzální pojmy, které představují vyšší komunikační úroveň a dávají nám nahlédnout umění v celku nebo v širších souvislostech - je pouze třeba pojmy dobře definovat a respektovat odlišnosti jednotlivých uměleckohistorických škol, které mohou mimo jiné poukazovat na hlubší rozdíly mezi charakterem a souvislostmi uměleckých děl z různých kulturních okruhů. and The term ‘Baroque’ in Central European art history denotes an artistic form and at the same time the entire period following the Renaissance and preceding 19th-century Classicism. In the creation of great synthetic works, this arthistorical denotation is commonly applied to the development of art in other European countries as well - including those which don’t use it themselves in the context of their own art. This conflict may be seen most distinctly in French art history. The term ‘Baroque’ was long a pejorative label in France for architecture which had sinned against good - that is, Classical - taste. In particular, the architecture of Francesco Borromini and his followers, some of whom were also students at the French Academy in Rome, was taken to be the incarnation of such ‘bad taste’. The term ‘Baroque’ underwent an interesting transformation in the 19th and 20th centuries, during which it saw itself transformed from a ‘vitiator’ of Classical architecture to its eternal antipole in the minds of certain theoreticians. After World War Two, French scholars began rediscovering 18th-century Central European architecture, thanks to which the positive perception of the term was enhanced even further. At present, it is said that the term ‘Baroque’ might even supersede the formerly accepted term ‘Classical’, which has characterised French architecture from the 16th to the 19th centuries for hundreds of years. Thus made equivalent, these two terms, once opposed, would both be divested of meaning. This work attempts to draw attention to the fact that the way particular arthistorical schools conceive their terminology proceeds in tandem with research into concrete materials and that the terms arising in the process cannot be transferred mechanically from one cultural sphere to another. At the same time, it points out that one need not resign oneself to a quest for such universal terms representing a higher level of communication and give us an overview of art as a whole or in a wider context - it is only necessary to properly define one’s terms and respect the differences between individual arthistorical schools, which may, incidentally, point to deeper differences between the characters and contexts of artworks from various cultural milieus.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

2848. Barokní sborník kronik ze zámecké knihovny v Mnichově Hradišti

Creator:
Tošnerová, Marie
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Tomáš Pešina of Čechorod, Wallensteinian Library in Mnichovo Hradiště, and chronicles
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The library of the Czech historian Tomaš Pešina of Čechorod who lived in the time after the White Mountain is nowadays part of the family library of the Wallensteins which is housed at the castle in Mnichovo Hradiště. This article focuses on the series of chronicles coming from the estate of Pešina and created around the mid 14th century. The codex contains both copies of national chronicles (Chronicle by Bartošek of Drahonice, Chronicle by Přibik Pulkava of Radonin and Old Czech Annals) and chronicles of the Mladá Boleslav Town and Žatec Town.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2850. Baroreflex control of heart rate in young and adult salt hypertensive inbred dahl rats

Creator:
Jan Nedvídek and Josef Zicha
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, srdeční rytmus, krevní tlak, stárnutí, heart rate, blood pressure, aging, baroreflex sensitivity, salt intake, phenylephrine, inbred Dahl rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Baroreflex control of heart rate was studied in inbred salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) and salt-resistant (SR/Jr) Dahl rats that were subjected to chronic dietary sodium chloride loading (for 4 weeks) either in youth or only in adulthood, i.e. from the age of 4 or 12 weeks. Using phenylephrine administration to pentobarbital-anesthetized male rats we have demonstrated the decreased baroreflex sensitivity (lower slope for reflex bradycardia) in young prehypertensive SS/Jr rats fed a low-salt diet as compared to age-matched SR/Jr animals. High salt intake further suppressed baroreflex sensitivity in young SS/Jr but not in SR/Jr rats. Baroreflex sensitivity decreased with age in SR/Jr rats, whereas it increased in SS/Jr rats fed a low-salt diet. Thus at the age of 16 weeks baroreflex sensitivity was much higher in SS/Jr than in SR/Jr animals. High salt intake lowered baroreflex sensitivity even in adult SS/Jr rats without affecting it in adult SR/Jr rats. Nevertheless, baroreflex sensitivity was significantly lower in young SS/Jr rats with a severe salt hypertension than in adult ones with a moderate blood pressure elevation. It is concluded that the alterations of baroreflex sensitivity in young inbred SS/Jr rats (including the response to high salt intake) are similar to those described earlier for outbred salt-sensitive Dahl rats. We have, however, disclosed contrasting age-dependent changes of baroreflex sensitivity in both inbred substrains of Dahl rats., J. Nedvídek, J. Zicha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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