This study investigated whether each part of the heart is evenly innervated by the left or right vagus and observed the mechanism of compensatory recovery after unilateral cervical vagotomy. HR, BP, LVSP and ±dp/dt max all decreased one week after left vagotomy, whereas only BP and -dp/dt max decreased one week after right vagotomy. We stern blot analyses revealed that the expression of M2 receptors in the left atrium and left ventricle was upregulated after subacute (1 week) left/right vagotomy. However, significantly more cholinesterase-positive nerves in LV and RV were seen one week after unilateral vagotomy compared to the sham-operated group. In addition, baroreflex sensitivity was increased after subacute right vagotomy. The decreasing effects of ACh (0.5 μ g/kg) on LVSP and ±dp/dt max (but not on HR and BP) were facilitated by subacute unilateral vagotomy. Our present experiments indicate that 1) the working myocardium is innervated bilaterally by the vagus, 2) ventricular contractility is influenced more by denervation of the left than the right vagus and 3) up-regulation of M2 muscarinic receptors in the left heart, increase of cholinergic nerves, and high baroreflex sensitivity could be involved in the mechanism of compensatory hemodynamic recovery via contralateral vagus overactivity, thereby amplifying contralateral vagal activity and decreasing cardiac contractility., L. N. Chen, W. J. Zang, X. J. Yu, J. Liu, D. L. Li, S. S. Kong, J. Lu, X. L. Xu., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Competition plays an important role in the replacement of native species by alien plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate whether the competition pattern of alien Robinia pseudoacacia L. and native Quercus acutissima Carr. is affected by soil sterilization. Physiological traits, such as gas-exchange parameters and chlorophyll (Chl) content, and growth traits, such as the biomass accumulation of the two species, were examined in natural soil or in soil sterilized with benomyl. The results show that native Q. acutissima inhibits the growth of R. pseudoacacia in natural soil. When the two plants coexisted and competed under sterilization treatment, R. pseudoacacia was less inhibited by Q. acutissima and the competition of R. pseudoacacia decreased the growth of Q. acutissima in terms of biomass, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and Chl a/b. These results suggest that soil sterilization benefits the growth of R. pseudoacacia and changes the competition pattern by the changed soil biota. Soil sterilization increased the biomass of root nodules, which ultimately benefits the growth of R. pseudoacacia and root nodule bacteria may be important in the dispersal and invasion process of nitrogen-fixing alien plants such as R. pseudoacacia., H. Chen ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Th is article critically engages in the perplexed ontology of the complaint, which crosses the boundaries between the personal and the public and at the same time undermines the presuppositions organizing said division within the academic workplace. A feminist counterpublic – as Nancy Fraser defi nes it – opens ways of opposing the existing inequalities by producing a discursive space of critique of the status quo from an oppressed or marginalized position. Following the analysis of the complaint off ered by Sara Ahmed, this article emphasizes the political dimension of the complaint, showing how it actually needs to become something else, probably more than a mere procedure, to bring any change. Th e passage from complaint to counterpublic built here is an eff ort to combine the critique of academic procedures of justice as potentially discriminatory practices within neoliberal academia with a suggestion that perhaps a more public and labour rights oriented strategy is better suited to accomplish equality.
The paper presents the basic theory of complementary statistics and its application in the area of applied probabilistic modeling. By introduction of the complementarity's principle between x-representation (random time series, random process) and p-representation or k-representation (rate of change/velocity of random time series and processes) the probability theory is completed for the "structural" parameter which carries information about the changes of studied time series or the random process. At the end, the basic application of probabilistic modeling is introduced and the presented principle is illustrated on the set of numerical examples with different probability density functions.
We give sufficient conditions on Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ so that their projective tensor product $X\otimes _\pi Y$, their injective tensor product $X\otimes _\epsilon Y$, or the dual $(X\otimes _\pi Y)^*$ contain complemented copies of $\ell _p$.
We prove that a connected Riemannian manifold admitting a pair of nontrivial Einstein-Weyl structures (g, ±ω) with constant scalar curvature is either Einstein, or the dual field of ω is Killing. Next, let (Mn , g) be a complete and connected Riemannian manifold of dimension at least 3 admitting a pair of Einstein-Weyl structures (g,±ω). Then the Einstein-Weyl vector field E (dual to the 1-form ω) generates an infinitesimal harmonic transformation if and only if E is Killing.
A subobjects structure of the category $\Omega $- of $\Omega $-fuzzy sets over a complete $MV$-algebra $\Omega =(L,\wedge ,\vee ,\otimes ,\rightarrow )$ is investigated, where an $\Omega $-fuzzy set is a pair ${\mathbf A}=(A,\delta )$ such that $A$ is a set and $\delta \:A\times A\rightarrow \Omega $ is a special map. Special subobjects (called complete) of an $\Omega $-fuzzy set ${\mathbf A}$ which can be identified with some characteristic morphisms ${\mathbf A}\rightarrow \Omega ^*=(L\times L,\mu )$ are then investigated. It is proved that some truth-valued morphisms $\lnot _{\Omega }\:\Omega ^*\rightarrow \Omega ^*,\cap _{\Omega }$, $\cup _{\Omega } \:\Omega ^*\times \Omega ^*\rightarrow \Omega ^*$ are characteristic morphisms of complete subobjects.
In this paper, after giving the basic results related to the product of functions and the graph of functions in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces, we introduce and study the concept of fuzzy completely continuous functions between intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces.