Simultaneous observations of the H-alpha and Ca II K floccular lines show that during the first three days of the newly formed flocculi the temperature grows gradually, while the density is practically constant. During the following days an increase in density is observed, The phase of increasing density does not occur in the case of faint flocculi. The K-line analysis of the six newly - formed sunspots indicates that the average cooling upward velocity equals 15 ms”' . An increase in sunspot induction was observed at the time of the flares (46 spots, Fig. 5).
As the volume and variety of information sources, especially on the World Wide Web (WWW), continue to grow, the requirements imposed on search applications are steadily increasing. The amount of available data is growing and so do the user demands. Search application should provide the users with accurate, sensible responses to their requests. It is difficult to provide information that accurately matches user information needs. Search effectiveness can be seen as the accuracy of matching user information needs against the retrieved information. There are problems emerging: users often do not present search queries in the form that optimally represents their information need, the measure of a document's relevance is often highly subjective between different users, and information sources might contain heterogeneous documents, in multiple formats and the representation of documents is not unified. This contribution presents a proposal to improve web search effectiveness via evolutionary optimization of the Boolean and vector search queries based on individual user models.
A novel approach for selecting proper cover images in steganography is presented in this paper. The proposed approach consists of two stages. The first stage is an evolutionary algorithm that extracts the signature of cover images against stego images in the form of fuzzy if-then rules. This algorithm is based on an iterative rule learning approach to construct an accurate fuzzy rule base. The rule base is generated in an incremental way by optimizing one fuzzy rule at a time using an evolutionary algorithm. In the second stage of the proposed approach, the fuzzy rules generated in the first stage are used for selecting suitable cover images for steganography. We applied our approach to some state-of-the-art steganography techniques and validated it using an image database. The results indicate that a secret message can be securely embedded in selected cover images. Therefore, we can apply the proposed evolutionary fuzzy algorithm, as an intelligent rule generation approach, to select the appropriate cover images from an image database and use them to have more secure steganography.
The epizootiology, transmission dynamics, and survival strategies employed by two mosquito-parasitic microsporidia that utilize copepods as intermediate hosts are examined in relation to the biological attributes of their hosts and the environments in which they inhabit. Amblyospora connecticus Andreadis, 1988, a parasite of Ochlerotatus cantator (Coquillett) and Acanthocyclops vernalis (Fischer) is found in an unstable salt marsh environment that is subject to periodic flooding and drying. Both hosts have distinct non-overlapping generations. A. connecticus exhibits a well-defined seasonal transmission cycle that relies heavily on maternal-mediated transovarial transmission by female O. cantator during the summer, and horizontal transmission via the copepod host during the spring (copepod to mosquito) and fall (mosquito to copepod). Its survival strategies include: delayed virulence, low pathogenicity and high tissue specificity that allow for transstadial transmission of horizontally acquired infections and maximum spore production, reliance on living hosts throughout most of its life cycle with overwintering in the copepod, polymorphic development that is well synchronized with host physiology, and production and dissemination of infectious spores that are coincident with the seasonal occurrence of susceptible stages in each host. Hyalinocysta chapmani Hazard et Oldacre, 1975, a parasite of Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) and Orthocyclops modestus (Herrick) is found in a comparatively stable, subterranean habitat that is inundated with water throughout the year. Copepods are omnipresent and C. melanura has overlapping broods. H. chapmani is maintained in a continuous cycle of horizontal transmission between each host throughout the summer and fall but lacks a developmental sequence leading to transovarial transmission in the mosquito host. It relies on living hosts for most of its life cycle and overwinters in diapausing mosquito larvae. Transstadial transmission does not occur and there is no dimorphic development in the mosquito host. The spatial and temporal overlap of both mosquito and copepod hosts during the summer and fall affords abundant opportunity for continuous horizontal transmission and increases the likelihood that H. chapmani will find a target host, thus negating the need for a transovarial route. It is hypothesized that natural selection has favoured the production of meiospores in larval female mosquitoes rather than congenital transfer of infection to progeny via ovarian infection as a strategy for achieving greater transmission success. and Analysis of the molecular phylogeny data suggest that (1) transovarial transmission and the developmental sequence leading to ovarian infection have been secondarily lost in H. chapmani, as they occur in all other closely related genera, (2) the ancestral state included complex life cycles involving transovarial transmission and an intermediate host, and (3) mosquito-parasitic microsporidia are adjusting their life cycles to accommodate host ecological conditions.
This paper discusses features of multilayered evolutionary system suitable to identify various systems including their model symbolic regression. Improved sensitivity allows modeling of difficult systems as deterministic chaos ones. The presented paper starts with a brief introduction to previous works and ideas which allowed to build the presented two abstraction levels system. Then the structure of Genetic Programming Algorithm - Evolutionary Strategy hybrid system is described and analyzed, including such problems as suitability to parallel implementation, optimal set of building blocks, or initial population generating rules. GPA-ES system combines GPA to model development with ES used for model parameter estimation and optimization. Such a hybrid system eliminates many weaknesses of standard GPA. The paper concludes with examples of GPA-ES application to Lorenz and Rősler systems regression and suggests application to Neural Network Model design.
In the paper an agent system of evolving neural networks, being an
example of collective intelligence, is presented. A concept of decentralised evolutionary computation realised as an evolutionary multi-agent systém (EMAS) may help to avoid some of the shortcomings of classical evolutionary optimisation techniques. As an addition, several methods of managing such a collective intelligent systém are mentioned. General considerations are illustrated by a particular system dedicated to the problém of time-series prediction. Selected experimental results conclude the work.
The article focuses on the debates among the East European intellectuals in the 1980's and 90's. Their discussions about Central Europe from the middle and second half of the 1980's is summed up and the shock caused by meeting the phenomena of flourishing nationalism and national-chauvinism in political processes following the fall of the Soviet Union is analyzed.