Ice jams in rivers often arise from the movement of frazil ice as cover-load under ice cover, a process which is conceptually similar to the movement of sediment as bed-load along a river bed. The formation and movement of an iceaccumulation wave is one facet of a larger class of cover-load movements. The movement of an ice-accumulation wave obviously plays a crucial role in the overall process of ice accumulation. In the present study, experiments under different flow and ice conditions help reveal the mechanics of formation and evolution of ice-accumulation waves. In particular, suitable criteria for formation of an ice-accumulation wave are investigated along with the resulting speed of wave propagation. The transport capacity of frazil ice under waved accumulation is modeled by comparing those of experiments collected in laboratories, and the resulting equation is shown to be in good agreement with measured experimental results.
Irradiation of thylakoid membranes at 40 °C resulted in complete inhibition of photosystem (PS) 2 activity measured as 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP) photoreduction either in the absence or presence of 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC). Concomitant with the inactivation of PS2 activity, several thylakoid proteins were lost and high molecular mass cross-linking products appeared that cross-reacted with antibodies against proteins of PS2 but not with antibodies against proteins of other three complexes PS1, ATP synthase, and cytochrome b6f. Irradiation of thylakoid membranes suspended in buffer of basic pH or high concentration of Tris at 25 °C resulted in the formation of cross-linking products similar to those in thylakoid membranes irradiated at 40 °C. Presence of radical scavengers and DPC during the high temperature treatment prevented the formation of cross-linking products. These results suggest the involvement of oxygen evolving co mplex (OEC) in the formation of cross-linking between PS2 proteins in thylakoid membrane irradiated at high temperature. and Abhay K. Singh, G. S. Singhal.
Using a physico-statistical model of the formation of slime particles of workpiece material in polishing and a cluster model of wear, the formation accuracy of flat optical surfaces and the wear uniformity of the tool working layer have been analyzed. The results are given of the experimental verification of the calculated values of the polishing efficiency, tool wear rate, and the shape accuracy of the interacting tool and workpiece surfaces. and Užitím fyzikálně-statistických metod je analyzováno vytváření kalových částic z obrobku během leštění a klastrový model opotřebení, dosažení přesnosti rovných optických povrchů a rovnoměrnost opotřebení pracovní vrstvy nástroje. Výsledky jsou experimentálním ověřením vypočtených hodnot účinnosti leštění, rychlosti opotřebení nástroje a profilu přesnosti interagujícího nástroje a povrchů obrobku.
A fully general relativistic non-linear model of the formation of massive neutrino halos in an Einstein-Straus universe was given by Fabbri, Janisen and Ruffini. Here we consider the role which a non-vanishing, repulsive cosmological constant Λ>01 admissible by observational limits, can have in the FJR model. The main conclusion is that the influence of Λ is negligible in the FJR model for massive neutrinos with mass *, indicated by recent observations of SN 1987a. On the other hand, the cosmological constant is relevant in the model, if neutrinos have low mass, < O.2eV.
In this article we present some of the problems connected with the formation of the First Czechoslovak Republic from the legal point of view. Our aim is to point out that the First Czechoslovak Republic could not arise for the Slovaks on the 28th of October, 1918. Our argumentation is firstly based on the historical discussion (descriptive level) which was held in the past, but at the same time we try to formulate conclusions applicable on other similar cases within nowadays discussion (prescriptive level). In the beginning of the article we analyse the thesis according to which the First Czechoslovak Republic was created on the 28th of October, 1918, while trying to come to terms with the arguments that support this legal fiction. Consequently we analyze the thesis that the First Czechoslovak Republic could not be legally created for the Slovaks on the 28th of October, 1918, because at that time the Czechoslovak Republic did not execute its effective power on the Slovak territory. To support this thesis we use also the stable practice of the Supreme Administration Court. At the end of the article, we try to summarize all the previous arguments and draw the attention to the lack of explanatory power of the legal fiction claiming that the Czechoslovak Republic was created on the 28th of October, 1918., Štefan Siskovič, Miriam Laclavíková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The present paper deals with mutually unbiased bases for systems of qudits in d dimensions. Such bases are of considerable interest in quantum information. A formula for deriving a complete set of 1+p mutually unbiased bases is given for d=p where p is a prime integer. The formula follows from a nonstandard approach to the representation theory of the group SU(2). A particular case of the formula is derived from the introduction of a phase operator associated with a generalized oscillator algebra. The case when d=pe (e≥2), corresponding to the power of a prime integer, is briefly examined. Finally, complete sets of mutually unbiased bases are analysed through a Lie algebraic approach.
In this contribution, a generalized Cam clay model for cohesive soil materials is introduced. A new formulation not only suppresses evolution of excessive failure stresses and dilatancy rate, but also allows for the reduction of поп-realistic softening behavior of overconsolidated soils predicted when adopting the formulation of classical Cam clay model. More realistic response of the soil is achieved by introducing a new yield function in the dilatation (supercritical or dry) domain, i.e. for OCR > 2. Further, the dependency of the yield function on the Lode angle is adopted and non-associated flow rule is assumed. Finally, the reduction of hardening modulus is shown in comparison to the classical Cam clay model formulation. and Obsahuje seznam literatury