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8702. Four additional Hepatozoon species (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoidae) from north Florida ratsnakes, genus Pantherophis

Creator:
Telford, Sam R., Moler, Paul E., and Butler, Jerry F.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
blood parasites, hemogregarines, Hepatozoon horridus, Hepatozoon quadrivittata, Hepatozoon spiloides, Pantherophis guttatus, Pantherophis obsoletus quadrivittatus, Pantherophis obsoletus spiloides, and Florida
Language:
English
Description:
Records from a colubrid host are reported for Hepatozoon horridus, described originally from a viperid snake. Hepatozoon horridus in Pantherophis guttatus (Colubridae) has gamonts 14-18.0 by 4.0-5.5 µm, with length by width (LW) 60-99 µm2, and L/W ratio 2.5-3.9. Spherical to elongate, usually ovoid oocysts with L/W ratio 1.0-3.7 contain 16-160 spherical to usually ovoid sporocysts 15-31 by 14-26 µm, with L/W ratio 1.0-1.4, that contain 5-24 sporozoites. Two additional Hepatozoon species are described from ratsnakes in north Florida. Hepatozoon quadrivittata n. sp. from Pantherophis obsoletus quadrivittatus has gamonts 12-17 by 4-6 µm, LW 56-102 µm2, and L/W ratio 2.6-3.8. Nearly spherical oocysts with L/W 1.0-1.1 contain 5-227 spherical to slightly ovoid sporocysts 20-48 by 19-45 µm, with L/W ratio 1.0-1.4, that contain 13-48 sporozoites. Hepatozoon spiloides n. sp. from Pantherophis obsoletus spiloides forms gamonts 12-15 by 4-5 µm with LW 48-75 µm2 and L/W ratio 2.6-3.5. Occasionally rounded but usually elongate oocysts, with L/W ratio 1.0-2.7, contain 5-21 spherical to elongate sporocysts 28-43 by 18-35 µm, L/W ratio 2.5-3.9. In the distinctive Hepatozoon sp. present in Pantherophis obsoletus spiloides, gamonts are 13-17 by 5-10 µm, with LW 75-140 µm2 and L/W ratio 1.4-3.0. Infected erythrocytes are always distorted and enlarged on average 2.5 times the size of uninfected cells, with nuclei enlarged by one-third and broadly elongated. Gamonts often stained deep blue, and cytoplasm of erythrocytes infected with mature gamonts was always dehemoglobinized. Sporogony could not be obtained in three feedings by hundreds of Aedes aegypti, which usually died within the first 24-48 hr.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8703. Four new myxozoans (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) from intertidal fishes along the south coast of Africa

Creator:
Reed, Cecilé C., Basson, Linda, Van As, Liesl L., and Dyková, Iva
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Myxozoa, marine fishes, Ceratomyxa dehoopi, Ceratomyxa cottoidii, Ceratomyxa honckenii, Henneguya clini, and South Africa
Language:
English
Description:
Current records of marine myxozoans from the coast of Africa are limited to the descriptions of 52 species from mostly Senegal, with a few from Tunisia and southern Africa. Between 1998 and 2000 several intertidal fishes from the southern Cape coast of South Africa were examined for the presence of myxozoan infections. Three new species, Ceratomyxa dehoopi sp. n., C. cottoidii sp. n. and C. honckenii sp. n. were identified from the gall bladders of Clinus superciliosus L., C. cottoides Valenciennes and Amblyrhynchotes honckenii (Bloch), respectively. A fourth new species Henneguya clini sp. n. was also identified from the gills and gill arches of C. superciliosus.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8704. Four new species of Cichlidogyrus (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae), gill parasites of Tilapia cabrae (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with discussion on relative length of haptoral sclerites

Creator:
Pariselle, Antoine and Euzet, Louis
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae, Cichlidogyrus berradae, C. revesati, C. legendrei, C. lemoallei, Tilapia cabrae, Cichlidae, and Africa
Language:
English
Description:
Tilapia cabrae Boulenger, 1899, a cichlid fish from coastal lowlands of the Republic of Congo (Africa), was examined for gill parasites. Four new species of the Monogenea were found, all belonging to Cichlidogyrus (Ancyrocephalidae): C. berradae sp. n., C. revesati sp. n., C. legendrei sp. n., and C. lemoallei sp. n. A possible relationship between the relative size of haptoral sclerites (i.e., uncinuli compared to gripi) and microhabitat selection in the studied host-parasite model is discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8705. Four new species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Owen Stanley skinks, Papuascincus stanleyanus (Sauria: Scincidae), from Papua New Guinea

Creator:
McAllister, Chris T., Duszynski, Donald W., Fisher, Robert N., and Austin, Christopher C.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Coccidia, Eimeria, taxonomy, oocysts, hosts, and Reptilia
Language:
English
Description:
Between September and November 1991, 12 Owen Stanley skinks, Papuascincus stanleyanus (Booulenger) were collected from various localities on Papua New Guinea and examined for coccidians. Six (50%) were found to harbour four eimerians that we describe here as new. Oocysts of Eimeria burseyi sp. n. were elongate to ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall and measured (length × width, L × W) 36.0 × 24.0 µm, with a L/W ratio of 1.5. Both micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a polar granule was present. Oocysts of Eimeria goldbergi sp. n. were ellipsoidal, with a bilayered wall, and measured 21.4 × 16.1 µm; L/W ratio was 1.3. Both micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a single or fragmented polar granule was present. Oocysts of Eimeria boulengeri sp. n. were spheroidal to slightly subspheroidal, with a thin, single-layered wall that readily collapses, and measured 16.0 µm, L/W ratio was 1.0. Both micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but usually one (sometimes two) polar granule(s) were present. Oocysts of Eimeria niuginiensis sp. n. were oblong to tapered with a bilayered wall, and measured 20.0 × 13.1 µm; L/W ratio was 1.5. A micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule were absent. To our knowledge, these represent the only coccidians ever described from P. stanleyanus.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8706. Four Quine’s inconsistencies

Creator:
Picazo, Gustavo
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
linguistic competence, meaning theory, myth of the museum, and uncritical semantics
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In this paper I argue that the idiosyncrasy of linguistic competence fosters semantic conceptions in which meanings are taken for granted, such as the one that Quine calls ''uncritical semantics'' or ''the myth of the museum''. This is due to the degree of automaticity in the use of language which is needed for fluent conversation. Indeed, fluent conversation requires that we speakers instinctively associate each word or sentence with its meaning (or linguistic use), and instinctively resort to the conceptual repertoire of our language, without calling into question that the meaning of a particular word, or the conceptual repertoire of our language, could have been different than they are. This habit of taking meanings for granted, inherent to our linguistic ability, sometimes interferes with our semantic research, hampering it. In order to illustrate this problem, I pinpoint four places in Quine’s work where, despite his acknowledged analytical rigour, and despite his congenital aversion to the habit of taking meanings for granted, he himself appears to slip into this habit, inadvertently., V tomto příspěvku tvrdím, že idiosynkrace jazykové kompetence podporuje sémantické koncepty, ve kterých jsou významy považovány za samozřejmost, jako je ta, kterou Quine nazývá ,,nekritickou sémantikou'' nebo ,,mýtem muzea''. To je způsobeno stupněm automatiky při používání jazyka, který je nezbytný pro plynulou konverzaci. Plynulá konverzace vyžaduje, abychom my, mluvčí, instinktivně sdružovali každé slovo nebo větu s jeho významem (nebo lingvistickým použitím) a instinktivně se uchylovali k konceptuálnímu repertoáru našeho jazyka, aniž bychom zpochybňovali, že význam určitého slova nebo konceptuálního repertoáru našeho jazyka, mohlo být jiné než oni. Tento zvyk brát významy za samozřejmé, vlastní naší jazykové schopnosti, někdy se střetává s naším sémantickým výzkumem a brání tomu., and Gustavo Picazo
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8707. Four weeks of hypoxia training improves cutaneous microcirculation in trained rowers

Creator:
Meng, Zhijun, Gao, Binghong, Gao, Huan, Ge, Peng, Li, Tao, and Wang, Yuxin
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Hypoxia training, NO, VEGF, microcirculation, and CBF
Language:
English
Description:
Hypoxia training can improve endurance performance. However, the specific benefits mechanism of hypoxia training is controversial, and there are just a few studies on the peripheral adaptation to hypoxia training. The main objective of this study was to observe the effects of hypoxia training on cutaneous blood flow (CBF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Twenty rowers were divided into two groups for four weeks of training, either hypoxia training (Living High, Exercise High and Training Low, HHL) or normoxia training (NOM). We tested cutaneous microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmeter and blood serum parameters by ELISA. HHL group improved the VO2peak and power at blood lactic acid of 4 mmol/l (P4) significantly. The CBF and the concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC) in the forearm of individuals in the HHL group increased significantly at the first week. The HIF level of the individuals in the HHL group increased at the fourth week. The NO of HHL group increased significantly at the fourth week. In collusion, four weeks of HHL training resulted in increased forearm cutaneous blood flow and transcutaneous oxygen pressure. HHL increases rowers’ NO and VEGF, which may be the mechanism of increased blood flow. The increased of CBF seems to be related with improving performance.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8710. FPGA implementation of ANN training using Levenberg and Marquardt algorithms

Creator:
Cavuslu , Mehmet Ali and Sahin, Suhap
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Levenberg and Marquardt, FPGA, and MLP and ANN training
Language:
English
Description:
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) training using gradient-based Levenberg & Marquardt (LM) algorithm has been implemented on FPGA for the solution of dynamic system identification problems within the scope of the study. In the implementation, IEEE 754 floating-point number format has been used because of the dynamism and sensitivity that it has provided. Mathematical approaches have been preferred to implement the activation function, which is the most critical phase of the study. ANN is tested by using input-output sample sets, which are shown or not shown to the network in the training phase, and success rates are given for every sample set. The obtained results demonstrate that implementation of FPGA-based ANN training is possible by using LM algorithm and as the result of the training, the ANN makes a good generalization.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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