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8822. From infinitesimal harmonic transformations to Ricci solitons

Creator:
Stepanov, Sergey E., Tsyganok, Irina I., and Mikeš, Josef
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Ricci soliton, infinitesimal harmonic transformation, and Riemannian manifold
Language:
English
Description:
The concept of the Ricci soliton was introduced by R. S. Hamilton. The Ricci soliton is defined by a vector field and it is a natural generalization of the Einstein metric. We have shown earlier that the vector field of the Ricci soliton is an infinitesimal harmonic transformation. In our paper, we survey Ricci solitons geometry as an application of the theory of infinitesimal harmonic transformations.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8823. From Mikulov to Brno - the Neumann Printing House and its Production

Creator:
Jelínková, Andrea
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
book printers, history of book printing, Brno, Mikulov, Neumannová, Anna Francisca, and Neumann, Joseph Franz
Language:
Czech
Description:
This contribution looks into the printing house of the Neumann family, which operated in Mikulov and Brno between 1768 and the beginning of the 19th century. It draws on the study of archival sources and compares them with the existing literature on this printing workshop. It focuses on the circumstances under which the printing house was founded, as well as its owners and employees. The printing production is described in terms of languages, genres, and themes. Furthermore, it explores the circle of clients and publishers for whom the printing house worked. The analysis shows that the Neumann printing house was a small-scale, local shop which operated mainly on a commercial basis for a diverse clientele.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8824. From Near to Far : Maria Short and the places and spaces of science in Edinburgh from 1736 to 1850

Creator:
Loader, Alison Reiko
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
optické přístroje, věda, optical instruments, science, Edinburgh (Skotsko), Edinburgh (Scotland), camera obscura, dějiny observatoří, popularizace, profesionalizace, ženy a věda, observatory history, popularization, professionalization, women and science, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
A relatively unknown woman named Maria Theresa Short opened a popular observatory in 1835 in Ed inburgh - a time and place where men of science and property had long failed to make a viable space for astronomy. She exhibited scientific instruments to a general public, along with a great telescope and a walk-in camera obscura that projected live views of the city and continues to delight audiences to this day. To better understand Short's accomplishments, achieved as scientific and public life became increasingly closed to women, this study explores her largely untold story, and maps some of the places of science around it. Finding local contingencies, multiple sites and practices by diverse groups, it proposes that tensions within the connections between science and spectacle and the use of popularization to promote its professionalization produced gaps that even a marginal figure like Maria Short could inhabit and exploit., Relativně neznámá žena jménem Maria Theresa Short otevřela roku 1835 v Ediburghu lidovou hvězdárnu - v době a v místě, kde mužové vědy a majetku dlouho selhávali při vytváření životaschopného proctor pro astronomii. Short vystavovala pro široké publikum vědecké nástroje a také velký dalekohled i camera obscuru, do níž šlo vejít a pozorovat živoucí dění ve městě a která poskytuje divákům zážitky dodnes. Abychom lépe porozuměli úspěchům, jichž Short dosáhla, zatímco se vědecký a veřejný život ženám výrazněji uzavíral, tato studie probádává její z větší části nevyřčený příběh a kolem něj mapuje některá z míst vědy. Na základě nalezení lokálních podmíněností, vícenásobných míst a praktik různých skupin, tato studie přichází s propozicí, že napětí vznikající ze spojení vědy a spektáklu a z užití popularizace k podpoře profesionalizace vytvářelo mezery, které mohla i marginální osobnost jako Maria Short obsadit a využívat jich., and Alison Reiko Loader.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8825. From quantum transfer functions to complex quantum circuits

Creator:
Svítek, Miroslav
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Quantum transfer function, quantum state transform, inverse quantum state transform, quantum system ordering, complex quantum circuits, and hierarchical quantum systems
Language:
English
Description:
The goal of the paper is to analyze the behavior of quantum systems which are connected in more complex circuits through serial, parallel or feedback ordering of various quantum subsystems. The Quantum State Transform (QST) is introduced to define a Quantum Transfer Function (QTF) that can be used to characterize behavior of complex circuits like e.g. stability better. It is shown that ordering more general quantum systems into feedback can yield to the definition of hierarchical quantum systems that are very close to well-known scale-free networks. Finally, all identified mathematical instruments are used to define quantum information/knowledge circuits as ordering of 2-port quantum subsystems covering both input/output information flow and content.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8826. From stars to quasars: modeling radiation-dominated objects in astrophysics

Creator:
Hubeny, Ivan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
stellar atmospheres, accretion disks, active galaxies, and radiative transfer
Language:
Czech
Description:
There is a whole class of astronomical objects for which radiation is not only a probe of the physical state, but is to fact an important energy balance agent. In these objects, radiative transfer plays a crucial role. Typical examples of such a situation are stellar atmospheres, interstellar matter and various structures within, and accretion disks, both around stellar mass degenerate objects (cataclysmic variables), and around supermassive black holes (quasars). We concentrate on two objects - stellar atmospheres and quasar accretion disks, and approach. We will give a brief overview of recent progress in their modeling. On the stellar atmosphere side, very sophisticated non-LTE models including millions of lines are now being constructed. It is shown that they provide and excellent match to high-quality ground- and space-based spectra. In quasar modeling, we have constructed a grid of non-LTE disk models for a wide range of parameters, and begun a study of analysing observed data using the new models.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8829. From the inferior colliculus to a computational sound localization model

Creator:
Liu, Jindong , Erwin, Harry , and Wermter, Stefan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Spiking neural network, inferior colliculus, sound localization, interaural level difference, and interaural time difference
Language:
English
Description:
In this paper, we describe a spiking neural network for building an azimuthal sound localization system, which is inspired by the functional organization of the human auditory midbrain up to the inferior colliculus (IC). Our system models two ascending pathways from the cochlear nucleus to the IC: an ITD (Interaural Time Difference) pathway and an ILD (Interaural Level Difference) pathway. We take account of Yin's finding [1] that multiple delay lines only exist in the contralateral medial superior olive (MSO) in our modeling of the ITD pathway. A level-locking auditory neuron is introduced for the ILD pathway network to encode sound amplitude into spike sequences. At the IC level, we differentiate between a low frequency (below 1 kHz) and high frequency (above 1 kHz) sound when combining the ITD and ILD cues to compute the azimuth angle of a sound. This paper provides a detailed illustration of the biological evidence of our hybrid ITD and ILD model. Experimental results of several types of sound are presented to evaluate our system. (This paper is an extension to one [2] of our papers in 2008 International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks.)
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

8830. From the myth of the given to radical conceptual diversity

Creator:
Edward, Terence Rajivan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
alternative conceptual schemes, Donald Davidson, given, and myth of the given
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This paper evaluates the following argument, suggested in the writings of Donald Davidson: if there is such a thing as the given, then there can be alternative conceptual schemes; there cannot be alternative conceptual schemes; therefore there is no such thing as the given., Tento článek hodnotí následující argument navrhovaný ve spisech Donalda Davidsona: pokud existuje taková věc, jaká je uvedena, pak mohou existovat alternativní koncepční schémata; nemohou existovat alternativní koncepční schémata; proto neexistuje žádná taková věc jako daný., and Terence Rajivan Edward
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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