In this paper we characterize those bounded linear transformations $Tf$ carrying $L^{1}( \mathbb {R}^{1}) $ into the space of bounded continuous functions on $\mathbb {R}^{1}$, for which the convolution identity $T(f\ast g) =Tf\cdot Tg $ holds. It is shown that such a transformation is just the Fourier transform combined with an appropriate change of variable.
The cubical dimension of a graph $G$ is the smallest dimension of a hypercube into which $G$ is embeddable as a subgraph. The conjecture of Havel (1984) claims that the cubical dimension of every balanced binary tree with $2^n$ vertices, $n\geq 1$, is $n$. The 2-rooted complete binary tree of depth $n$ is obtained from two copies of the complete binary tree of depth $n$ by adding an edge linking their respective roots. In this paper, we determine the cubical dimension of trees obtained by subdividing twice a 2-rooted complete binary tree and prove that every such balanced tree satisfies the conjecture of Havel.
The paper deals with the different ways in which 20th century Hindi writers introduced the theme of religion into their work. A selection of authors has been made in order to highlight some important issues connected with religion. As may be expected, basically two points of view are to be found, depending on the ideological stand of the writer – either politically committed or committed to man. Thus, whilst religion is deemed by one author to be a factor which divides communities, it is considered by another to be an important tool for exploring the human soul.
Let $a$, $b$, $c$, $r$ be positive integers such that $a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{r}$, $\min (a,b,c,r)>1$, $\gcd (a,b)=1, a$ is even and $r$ is odd. In this paper we prove that if $b\equiv 3\hspace{4.44443pt}(\@mod \; 4)$ and either $b$ or $c$ is an odd prime power, then the equation $x^{2}+b^{y}=c^{z}$ has only the positive integer solution $(x,y,z)=(a,2,r)$ with $\min (y,z)>1$.
If G is a simple graph of size n without isolated vertices and G is its complement, we show that the domination numbers of G and G satisfy γ(G) + γ(G) ≤ { n − δ + 2 if γ(G) > 3, δ + 3 if γ(G) > 3, where δ is the minimum degree of vertices in G.
The paper is devoted to the question whether some kind of additional information makes it possible to determine the fundamental matrix of variational equations in ℝ3 . An application concerning computation of a derivative of a scalar Poincaré mapping is given.
The independent domination number $i(G)$ (independent number $\beta (G)$) is the minimum (maximum) cardinality among all maximal independent sets of $G$. Haviland (1995) conjectured that any connected regular graph $G$ of order $n$ and degree $\delta \le \frac{1}{2}{n}$ satisfies $i(G)\le \lceil \frac{2n}{3\delta }\rceil \frac{1}{2}{\delta }$. For $1\le k\le l\le m$, the subset graph $S_{m}(k,l)$ is the bipartite graph whose vertices are the $k$- and $l$-subsets of an $m$ element ground set where two vertices are adjacent if and only if one subset is contained in the other. In this paper, we give a sharp upper bound for $i(S_{m}(k,l))$ and prove that if $k+l=m$ then Haviland’s conjecture holds for the subset graph $S_{m}(k,l)$. Furthermore, we give the exact value of $\beta (S_{m}(k,l))$.
Let (G) and i(G) be the domination number and the independent domination number of G, respectively. Rad and Volkmann posted a conjecture that i(G)/ (G) 6 (G)/2 for any graph G, where (G) is its maximum degree (see N. J.Rad, L.Volkmann (2013)). In this work, we verify the conjecture for bipartite graphs. Several graph classes attaining the extremal bound and graphs containing odd cycles with the ratio larger than (G)/2 are provided as well., Shaohui Wang, Bing Wei., and Seznam literatury
From Corollary 3.5 in [Berkani, M; Sarih, M.; Studia Math. 148 (2001), 251– 257] we know that if S, T are commuting B-Fredholm operators acting on a Banach space X, then ST is a B-Fredholm operator. In this note we show that in general we do not have ind(ST) = ind(S) + ind(T), contrarily to what has been announced in Theorem 3.2 in [Berkani, M; Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 130 (2002), 1717–1723]. However, if there exist U, V ∈ L(X) such that S, T, U, V are commuting and US + V T = I, then ind(ST) = ind(S) + ind(T), where ind stands for the index of a B-Fredholm operator.