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685. Oborová analytická bibliografie: metodika zpracování

Creator:
Malínek, Vojtěch
Publisher:
Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, v.v.i
Format:
electronic, počítač, and 196 stran ; 21 cm.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Bibliografie. Katalogy, analytický popis, odborná bibliografie, bibliografická činnost, bibliografická metodologie, analytical description, subject bibliography, bibliographic activities, methodology of bibliography, 025.322, 016, 01, 01:001.81, (072), and 12
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Vojtěch Malínek., Obsahuje bibliografie a bibliografické odkazy, Anglické resumé, and born digital
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

686. Observations on non-random distribution of spores of Henneguya spp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) within plasmodia

Creator:
Eiras, Jorge C. , Cruz, Manuel , Cruz, Cristina , Saraiva, Aurélia , Adriano, Edson A., Székely, Csaba , and Molnár, Kálmán
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Myxozoa, fish, parasites, spores arrangement, and motility
Language:
English
Description:
Species of the cnidarian genus Henneguya Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) are histozoic parasites commonly found in freshwater and, more rarely, in marine fish. The development of these parasites in fish tissues includes the formation of plasmodia within which occurs the sporogony originating spores with two caudal processes, which are usually randomly distributed within the plasmodia. In this report the authors present some cases of non-random distribution of the spores of six species of Henneguya within their plasmodia. Two different patterns of non-random distribution were found based on a literature survey. These patterns and their origin are discussed. Apparently this non-random distribution of the spores is due to both internal and external factors.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

687. Observations on sporulation of Eimeria bovis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the European bison Bison bonasus: effect of temperature and potassium dichromate solution

Creator:
Pyziel, Anna M and Demiaszkiewicz, Aleksander W
Format:
electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
kokcidie, coccidia, experimental development of oocysts, wisent, Bialowieza Primeval Forest, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The present study was designed to determine the influence of temperature and the addition of potassium dichromate solution (K2Cr2O7) on the efficiency of sporulation of Eimeria bovis (Zublin, 1908), a coccidian species most commonly diagnosed in European bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus). Sporulation under conventional conditions (2.5% dichromate solution, 23 °C) was completed on the fourth day of incubation (control), whereas the oocyst development took two days more at the temperature of 18 °C, and two days less at 28 °C. Additionally, experimental sporulation of E. bovis at the temperature of 23 °C in the environment of sterilised tap water (without any preservation) took 9 days more compared to control. Finally, oocyst development took 16 weeks when the faces were stored in the refrigerator (3-5 °C) without any special additives. Overall, our results indicate that K2Cr2O7, besides the temperature, plays a crucial role in the process of sporulation of oocysts under laboratory conditions, as the longest delay in sporogony was observed when the faeces were stored without any other additives in the temperature of the refrigerator., Anna M. Pyziel, Aleksander W. Demiaszkiewicz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

688. Occurrence and diversity of anaerobic gut fungi in wild forest elephants and buffaloes inhabiting two separated forest ecosystems in Central West Africa

Creator:
Schulz, Doreen, Pšenková-Profousová, Ilona, Červená, Barbora, Procter, Miranda, Fuh Neba, Terence, Modrý, David, Petrželková, Klára J., and Qablan, Moneeb A.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
gut microbiome, mycobiome, wild herbivores, and Neocallimastigomycetes
Language:
English
Description:
Anaerobic gut fungi of the class Neocallimastigomycetes are of great importance for herbivorous animals. Their immediate colonization and mechanical breakdown of plant particles pave the way for highly efficient enzymatic fermentation of complex plant polysaccharides. Neocallimastigomycetes are found in a variety of herbivores, yet so far studies almost exclusively investigated domestic or captive animals. Here, the occurrence and diversity of Neocallimastigomycetes in two different populations of sympatric, wild African forest elephants and forest buffaloes were determined. In both hosts together, a total of 16 species-equivalent Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) (0.05 cut-off level) were generated. Buffaloes harboured four and elephants five anaerobic fungi genera or genus-equivalent taxa, respectively, with four genera occurring in both hosts. In elephants the majority of gut fungi group within a cluster of yet unknown Neocallimastigomycetes. Similarly, some anaerobic fungi found in buffaloes form a genus-equivalent cluster with likewise undescribed gut fungi. Sequences grouping in these two clusters could potentially qualify as representatives of new anaerobic fungi genera. Further, three sequences have not yet been encountered in any study and cannot be assigned to any genus or genus-equivalent Neocallimastigomycetes taxon. Whether these sequences also represent putative new lineages needs further investigation.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

689. Occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild foxes, wolves, jackals, and bears in central Europe

Creator:
Kváč, Martin, Myšková, Eva, Holubová, Nikola, Kellnerová, Klára, Kicia, Marta, Rajský, Dušan, McEvoy, John, Feng, Yaoyu, Hanzal, Vladimír, and Sak, Bohumil
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
PCR, carnivores, genotyping, SSU, gp60, microscopy, Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia
Language:
English
Description:
Parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1910 are one of the most common protistan parasites of vertebrates. Faecal samples from 179 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes [Linnaeus]), 100 grey wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus), 11 golden jackals (Canis aureus Linnaeus), and 63 brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) were collected in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. Samples were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using microscopy and PCR/sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU), actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes using the maximum likelihood method revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri Ren, Zhao, Zhang, Ning, Jian et al., 2012 (n = 1) and C. andersoni Lindsay, Upton, Owens, Morgan, Mead et Blackburn, 2000 (n = 2) in red foxes, C. canis Fayer, Trout, Xiao, Morgan, Lai et Dubey, 2001 (n = 2) and C. ubiquitum Fayer, Santín et Macarisin, 2010 (n = 2) in grey wolves, and C. galli Pavlásek, 1999 in brown bears (n = 1) and red foxes (n = 1). Subtyping of isolates of C. ubiquitum and C. tyzzeri based on sequence analysis of gp60 showed that they belong to the XIId and IXa families, respectively. The presence of specific DNA of C. tyzzeri, C. andersoni and C. galli, which primarily infect the prey of carnivores, is probably the result of their passage through the gastrointestinal tract of the carnivores. Finding C. ubiquitum XIId in wolves may mean broadening the host spectrum of this subtype, but it remains possible this is the result of infected prey passing through the wolf - in this case deer, which is a common host of this parasite. The dog genotype of C. canis was reported for the first time in wolves.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

690. On the role of (and threat to) natural history museums in mammal conservation: an African small mammal perspective

Creator:
Ferguson, Adam W.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
IUCN Red List, voucher specimen, Africa, next-generation (holistic) collecting, and research ethics
Language:
English
Description:
The global environment is faced with growing threats from anthropogenic disturbance, propelling the Earth into a 6th mass extinction. For the world's mammals, this is reflected in the fact that 25% of species are threatened with some risk of extinction. During this time of species loss and environmental alteration, the world's natural history museums (NHMs) are uniquely poised to provide novel insight into many aspects of conservation. This review seeks to provide evidence of the importance of NHMs to mammal conservation, how arguments against continued collecting of physical voucher specimens is counterproductive to these efforts, and to identify additional threats to collecting with a particular focus on small mammals across Africa. NHMs contribute unique data for assessing mammal species conservation status through the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened species. However, NHMs' contributions to mammal conservation go well beyond supporting the IUCN Red List, with studies addressing topics such as human impacts, climate change, genetic diversity, disease, physiology, and biodiversity education. Increasing and diverse challenges, both domestic and international, highlight the growing threats facing NHMs, especially in regards to the issue of lethally sampling individuals for the purpose of creating voucher specimens. Such arguments are counterproductive to conservation efforts and tend to reflect the moral opposition of individual researchers than a true threat to conservation. The need for continued collecting of holistic specimens of all taxa across space and time could not be more urgent, especially for underexplored biodiversity hotspots facing extreme threats such as the Afrotropics.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public