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3632. Etický význam lidství: obrana druhismu v díle B. A. O. Williamse a C. Diamondové

Creator:
Pacovská, Kamila
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Etika. Morální filozofie, Singer, Peter A, 1960-, Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen, 1929-2003, Diamond, Cora, etika, humanita, ethics, humanity, wittgensteiniánská etika, druhismus, vztah ke zvířatům, Wittgensteinian ethics, speciesism, relation to animals, 5, and 17
Language:
Czech
Description:
The well-known book by Peter Singer The Liberation of Animals has not only inspired a series of texts defending the rights and interests of animals, but has also provoked a discussion about what humanity is, what meaning can our belonging to the human kind have for us, and whether Singer’ critique of the “human prejudice” is justified. The paper considers two important defenders of “human prejudice”, B. A. O. Williams and C. Diamond, who both claim the concept of human being to be a basic ethical concept. In the first part, we will present Williams’s argument that solidarity and identity with one’s species doesn’t have the structure of a blameworthy privilege similar to sexism and racism. In the second part, we will proceed to Diamond’s conception of human being that is founded in relations and responses towards the other. Just as our treatment of a human being depends on whether we see this person as our fellow, so our treatment of an animal depends on how we see it. In the last part, we will consider Diamond’s illustration of how it is possible to change our perception of an animal and thus to change our treatment of it., Kamila Pacovská., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3633. Etika lidského vylepšování a liberální eugenika

Creator:
Tomáš Hříbek
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Etika. Morální filozofie, bioetika, eugenika, transhumanismus, bioethics, eugenics, transhumanism, bioconservatism, bioradicalism, liberal eugenics, improvement, 5, and 17
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper deals with the ethics of biotechnological enhancement of human qualities such as intelligence, health and lifespan. In contemporary bioethics three views have emerged concerning the moral permissibility of such a biotechnological enhancement of humans. While bioconservatives reject it as morally impermissible and dangerous, bioradicals welcome it as permissible and desirable. Between these two extremes we find bioliberals who admit some types of enhancement, under certain conditions. These debates are still overshadowed by fear of bioethics, but this discredited term needs to be rehabilitated because it turns out that there are both desirable and undesirable forms of eugenics., Tomáš Hříbek., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3634. Etika vědy v České republice

Creator:
Wendy Drozenová
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, akademie věd, etika, academies of science, ethics, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
A workshop on Ethics of Science in Czech Republic - the present state and its historical roots was organised by the Institute of Philosophy of the ASCR on February 9, 2010. The aim of the course was to discuss important topics, such as ethical aspects of managing and financing science in the Czech Republic, questions of bioethics and the ethics of science in the context of Czech thinking in the 20th century. and Wendy Drozenová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3636. Etiologie a patogeneze idiopatických střevních zánětů

Creator:
Lukáš, Milan
Format:
print, text, and regular print
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
lidé, Crohnova nemoc--dějiny--etiologie--imunologie, ulcerózní kolitida--dějiny--etiologie--imunologie, genetická predispozice k nemoci, imunita slizniční, střevní sliznice--imunologie--mikrobiologie, střeva--imunologie--mikrobiologie, psychický stres, kouření, and defensiny--fyziologie
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Zdeněk Mařatka byl prvním lékařem, který podrobně seznámil českou odbornou veřejnost s problematikou idiopatických střevních zánětů, kterým se celý život systematicky věnoval. Vytvořil vlastní originální hypotézu – dvousložkovou teorii vzniku ulcerózní kolitidy, kterou po celý život rozvíjel a zdokonaloval. Jeho význam a přínos pro poznání ulcerózní kolitidy a Crohnovy nemoci je naprosto výjimečný, a to i z hlediska mezinárodního. Ačkoli prvotní příčina vzniku idiopatických střevních zánětů zůstává navzdory téměř stoleté historii neznámá, základní a klinický výzkum přináší množství nových poznatků o jejich etiologii a patogenezi. Je zřejmé, že pro vznik střevních zánětů je nezbytná vzájemná interakce vnitřních a zevních faktorů, které se uplatňují u konkrétních jedinců v různé míře. Mezi vnitřními faktory zaujímá klíčový vliv dědičnost, která formuje reaktivitu imunitního systému. Ze zevních faktorů je významné složení mikrobiální flóry střeva, kouření a psychický stres., Zdenek Mařatka has been the first physician, who had brought a new information for the Czech medical community with topic of inflammatory bowel diseases, which had been systematic studied for him. He had prepared an original theory – two component hypothesis about origin of ulcerative colitis, which had been developed and innovated by him for long time. From the international point of view, Mařatka has had an extraordinary impact and significant contribution for recognition of ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease. Despite the fact that the true origin of ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease (UC) still remain elusive, basic as well as clinical research bring many new data on etiology and pathogenesis of this inflammatory condition. It seems clear that IBD originate from interaction of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute individually in a particular patient. Among internal factors the genes play an important role, because its influence on the mucosal immunity system and immunological response. Among the external factors importance are recognized the gut microbiota content, cigarette smoking and psychological stress., and Milan Lukáš
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3637. Etneolihic hillfort Starý Zámek near Jevišovice. A contribution to lithic chipped industry research in southwestern Moravia

Creator:
Lubomír Šebela, Antonín Přichystal, Alena Humpolová, and Lubomír Prokeš
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
archeologie, kultura nálevkovitých pohárů, jevišovická kultura, archaeology, funnel-beaker culture, Jevišovice culture, Jevišovice (Česko : oblast), Jevišivice Region (Czechia), hillfort Starý Zámek, lithic chipped industry, 8, and 902
Language:
Czech
Description:
The Moravian-Silesian Prehistoric Branch of the Archaeological Institute AV ČR, Brno, v. v. i. has a long-term research interest in lithic chipped industries of the Late Stone Age and the Early Bronze Age in Moravia and Czech Silesia. Presently, a very important research focus is a lithic collection from the fortified Eneolithic hillfort Starý Zámek near Jevišovice. There are 474 knapped artifacts in the collection, including pieces collected from the surface and from excavations by J. Palliardi. One third of the artifacts are linked to cultural layers C, C2, C1 and B. Seventy pieces were published by Anna Medunová. At least 74 of the artifacts excavated by J. Palliardi have been recently identified in the collection deposited at the Moravian Museum. The assemblage includes a variety of endscrapers, blades, and borers as well as some cores. Tools of the Krummesser type from layer B and a bifacially retouched artifact (dagger or sickle fragment) from Bavarian tabular chert (Plattensilex) are of particular interest. Most artifacts were produced from local rocks (cherts of the Krumlovský les type and weathering products of serpentinite), although silicites from glacial sediments and chert of the Stránská skála type have also been identified. The presence of Bavarian Plattensilex (at least two artifacts) and rocks sourced from Poland (silicites from Cracow-Częstochowa Jurassic Upland and the spotted chert of the Świeciechów type). Two Palaeolithic artifacts are a surprising discovery. We cannot exclude the possibility that these pieces originate from an earlier period and were reused later., Lubomír Šebela, Antonín Přichystal, Alena Humpolová, Lubomír Prokeš., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3638. Etnická identita, jazykové postoje a recepce kultury u žáků lužickosrbských škol

Creator:
Šatava, Leoš
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
(Lusatian) Sorbs, ethnic identity, language attitudes, and reception of culture
Language:
Czech
Description:
The text sums up the conclusions of the author’s sociolinguistic investigations conducted (particularly in the form of questionnaires) in years 1996-2001 and published in the monograph Sprachverhalten und ethnische Identität. Sorbische Schüler an der Jahr tausendwende (Language Attitudes and Ethnic Identity. Sorbian Students at the Turn of the Millennium) in 2005. Investigations were carried out at many Sorbian schools in Upper Lusatia and were aimed at ethnic awareness of the students, their choice/use of Sorbian or German, attitude to both languages, and reception of culture among young Sorbs aged 11-19. The author mainly focused on the Sorbian Grammar School in Bautzen (Budyšin in Sorbian). In order to make the generalisation of the acquired outcomes possible, analogical surveys were also conducted at lower secondary schools in the villages of Crostwitz/Chrósćicy, Ralbitz/Ralbicy, Panschwitz-Kuckau/Pančicy-Kukow, Räckelwitz/Worklecy, Radibor/ Radwor, and in the municipality of Bautzen/Budyšin. The findings presented, analyzed and interpreted in the páper can, to a great degree, be in general applied to the present-day young Sorbian population as a whole. Simultaneously, they yield data for possible comparisons with the situation of other minority ethnic groups in Europe (e.g. the Welsh, the Romansh, Breton...).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3640. Etnofolk: lidová kultura střední Evropy pod jednou střechou

Creator:
Kratochvíl, Matěj
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, lidová kultura, programy a projekty, folk culture, programs and projects, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
The project ETHNOFOLK, fuded by the UE Structural Funds through the Central Europe Programme, integrates central Europe countries (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Austria and Hungary) and aims to present the Central European folk culture heritage and potential of its actual and future preservation and presentation. The project planned outcome will be an extensive web portal presenting samples of folk architecture, costumes, music, songs, customs, devotion, etc. in visual, audio as well as video form. As another important goal, the Portal will offer numerous results of an ethnographic nature focusing on the essetial scietific background of cultural and visual anthropology theory. The project extends from May 1, 2001 to April 30, 2014 when the Portal is to be launched in a multilingual format. and Matěj Kratochvíl.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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