Chronic sojourn in hypoxic environment results in the structural remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of changes in pulmonary vascular structure is related to the increase of radical production induced by lung tissue hypoxia. Hypoxia primes alveolar macrophages to produce more hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the increased release of oxygen radicals by other hypoxic lung cells cannot be excluded. Several recent reports demonstrate the oxidant damage of lungs exposed to chronic hypoxia. The production of nitric oxide is high in animals with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and the serum concentration of nitrotyrosine (radical product of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction) is also increased in chronically hypoxic rats. Antioxidants were shown to be effective in the prevention of hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension. We suppose that the mechanism by which the radicals stimulate of the vascular remodeling is due to their effect on the metabolism of vascular wall matrix proteins. Non-enzymatic protein alterations and/or activation of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases may also participate. The presence of low-molecular weight cleavage products of matrix proteins stimulates the mesenchymal proliferation in the wall of distal pulmonary arteries. Thickened and less compliant peripheral pulmonary vasculature is then more resistant to the blood flow and the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is developed., J. Herget, J. Wilhelm, J. Novotná, A. Eckhardt, R. Vytášek, L. Mrázková, M. Ošťádal., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tzv. teorie optimality patří к nejnovějším směrům současného lingvistického bádání. Nejdříve nalezla uplatnění ve fonologii, později v syntaxi a nejnověji i v sémantice. Naše stať naznačuje možnosti a meze uplatnění tohoto pohledu na oblast aktuálního členění věty.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of the T-786C endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism on changes in renal hemodynamics and blood pressure due to Na+ loading. Twenty-eight older (63±1 years), moderately obese (39±2 % fat) hypertensives had th eir glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), blood pressure (BP) and plasma nitric oxide (NOx) levels determined after eight days of low (20 mEq) and high (200 mEq) Na+ diets. The two Na+ diets were separated by a 1-week washout period. Subjects were genotyped for the eNOS-786 site and were grouped on whether they were homozygous or heterozygous for the C allele (TC+CC, n=13) or only homozygous for the T allele (TT, n=15). The TC+CC genotype group had a significantly greater increase in diastolic (P=0.021) and mean arterial (P=0.018) BP and a significant decline in both RPF (P=0.007) and GFR (P=0.029) compared to the TT genotype group with Na+ loading. Furthermore, Na+ loading resulted in a significant (P=0.036) increase in plasma NOx in the TT, but not in the TC+CC genotype group as well as a trend (P=0.051) for an increase in urine NOx in TC+CC, but not in the TT genotype group. The increase in BP during Na+ loading in older hypertensives was associated with the eNOS genotype and may be related to changes in renal hemodynamics due to changes in NO metabolism., D. R. Dengel, M. D. Brown, R. E. Ferrell, T. H. Reynolds, M. A. Supiano., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Ve svém článku se zabýváme srovnáním sémantického pole příbuzenských vztahů ve francouzštině, španělštině a Češtině na základě pěti binárních sémantických opozic. Na základě tohoto srovnání docházíme к závěru, že francouzské termíny vytvářející sémantické pole příbuzenských vztahů jsou sémanticky mnohem vágnější a jejich význam závisí mnohem více na kontextu, než je tomu v případě jejich českých ekvivalentů. Sémantické pole příbuzenských vztahů ve španělštině je založeno na velmi propracovaném systému pojmů označujících příbuzné v linii přímé a na velkém významu protikladu mezi pokrevními a nepokrevními příbuznými. Pro sémantické pole příbuzenských vztahů v češtině je naopak typické mnohem výraznější zastoupení lexikální substituce a menší počet lexikálních jednotek vzniklých derivací a kompozicí. K šémům vytvářejícím pole příbuzenských vztahů ve francouzštině je potřeba připojit v češtině a španělštině sém "předchozí nebo další manželství" pro rozlišení vlastních a nevlastních příbuzných.
Let \Omega \subset {{\Bbb C}^n} be a bounded, simply connected \mathbb{C} -convex domain. Let \alpha \in \mathbb{Z}_{+}^{n} and let f be a function on Ω which is separately {C^{2{\alpha _j} - 1}} -smooth with respect to zj (by which we mean jointly {C^{2{\alpha _j} - 1}} -smooth with respect to Rezj, Imzj). If f is α-analytic on Ω\f−1(0), then f is α-analytic on Ω. The result is well-known for the case a_{i}=1, 1\leqslant i\leqslant n even when f a priori is only known to be continuous., Abtin Daghighi, Frank Wikström., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Bacciger israelensis Fischthal, 1980 (Trematoda: Fellodistomidae) was recorded from Boops boops (Perciformes: Sparidae) in Bulgarian Black Sea coastal waters for the first time. Re-examination of the morphology of B. israelensis showed some new details: Laurer’s canal opens dorsally a short distance anterior to the excretory pore; seminal receptacle situated posterior to ventral sucker and ventral to ovary; ovary composed of three nearly spherical but not separated lobes forming apexes of isosceles triangle; tegumental spines covering body including entire surface of ventral sucker and distal half of upper part of oral sucker.
A redescription of the adult male and praniza of Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914 is provided from material collected at three localities along the South African coast and from syntypes and other material deposited by the original author. This redescription is based on light and scanning electron microscopy.
A redescription of the adult male of Caecognathia cryptopais (Barnard, 1925) is provided from syntypes and other material deposited in the South African Museum. The generic status of Caecognathia cryptopais is also revised. This redescriplion is based on light and scanning electron microscopy.
Analyzing the earthquake catalogue of the Upper Egypt area since 1982 revealed some char acteristics of the seismic activity in the area. Construction of a seismicity map according to the seismicity level in the Upper Egypt showed 14 seismic zones and that the seismic activity is intense around the stra it of the Gulf of Suez, along the Red Sea axis, Abu Dabbab and Aswan area. While the detailed study of Aswan zone showed 8 distinct sub-seismic zones and that the activity is concentrated in and around Gable Marawa area. The b-value was calculated for each seismic zone; it is found that the highest value is in Abu Dabbab area followed by Aswan area. A seismic energy rele ased map of the Upper Egypt was constructed for the period from 1982 to 2006; the map reveals the main active zones with high energy values. The study gives new insight for a better understanding of the seismic activity in the Upper Egypt and helps in the seismic hazard assessment., Haggag Hamed Mohamed, Gaber Hassan Hassib, Sayed Abdalah Dahy and Ezzat Mohamed El-Amin., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The Australian species of the genus Coelioxys Latreille are revised. Six species are recognized: Coelioxys albolineata Cockerell, 1905; Coelioxys froggatti Cockerell, 1911; Coelioxys reginae Cockerell, 1905; Coelioxys weinlandi Schulz, 1904 and two new species: Coelioxys julia sp. n. and Coelioxys tasmaniana sp. n. Three names are synonymized: Coelioxys biroi Friese, 1909 syn. n. and Coelioxys albolineata darwiniensis Cockerell, 1929 syn. n. under Coelioxys albolineata, and Coelioxys victoriae Rayment, 1935 syn. n. under Coelioxys froggatti. Species descriptions and redescriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, floral records and a key to both sexes of all species are provided., Léo Correia da Rocha-Filho., and Obsahuje bibliografii