A key to genera of South American Deltocephalini Dallas, 1870 based on adult males is presented. Two new genera, each based on a single new species from Argentina are described and illustrated: Corrientesia gen. n. based on type species C. ochrescens sp. n. and Salnogia gen. n. based on type species S. fletcheri sp. n. A new species of Graminella DeLong, 1936, G. schrocki sp. n. from Argentina is also described and illustrated. Graminella stelliger (Berg, 1884) equals Fusanus acristylus Cheng, 1980, syn. n. A new combination, Limpica pallida (Linnavuori & DeLong, 1979) comb. n., transferred from Reventazonia Linnavuori, 1959, is also proposed. Quaziptus Kramer, 1965, is returned from Paralimnini Distant, 1908 to Deltocephalini Dallas, 1870., Yani Duan, Christopher H. Dietrich., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Northern pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pinivora (Treitschke, 1834) shows a highly scattered distribution with fragmented populations across Europe. A previous study exploring the postglacial history of T. pinivora defined it as a cold-tolerant relict species and concluded that a progressive reduction of suitable habitats after the postglacial expansion from refugia in the southern Iberian peninsula best explained the distribution and genetic structure of populations of this species. However, recent records, both by us and others, challenge this view. Surprisingly, some of the newly found populations from southern Spain use black pine, Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold as a host plant despite the fact that the typical host of the species, Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. occurs in the area. We provide genetic data for one of these recently found southern populations where the larvae feed on P. nigra, and compare this with previously published data on individuals collected on P. sylvestris. This data reveals that populations from different host trees are no more genetically differentiated than populations sharing the same host plant. The findings of a wider diet breadth open the way to widen the search for the still unidentified glacial refugium of T. pinivora, and as such may contribute to a better understanding about how the species has spread across Europe., José A. Hódar, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Andrea Battisti, Stig Larsson., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Iron is an essential limiting factor for primary production in many marine systems. The present study investigated differential regulation of protein expression in marine phytoplankton Prymnesium parvum under low Fe concentration. The phytoplankton was grown in f/2 culture medium in artificial seawater with low (0.0025 μM) and high (0.05 μM) Fe concentrations. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometer analysis were performed for protein identification and characterization. The growth of the alga declined substantially under the low Fe compared to the high Fe concentration. Under low Fe conditions, P. parvum upregulated 10 proteins including chloroplastic ATP synthase subunit b, D2 protein of PSII, D1 protein of PSII reaction centre, and light harvesting complex II protein, most of which are associated with photosynthetic activities in PSII. The results suggest that the marine alga P. parvum altered the biosynthesis of several photosynthetic proteins in order to cope with low Fe conditions., M. M. Rahman, M. A. Rahman, T. Maki, T. Nishiuchi, T. Asano, H. Hasegawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Short-winged (brachypterous) and long-winged (macropterous) adult females of Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) originating from a Mediterranean population (Israel) were analyzed for their adipokinetic responses. The adipokinetic response, expressed as an increase of haemolymph lipids after injection of adipokinetic hormone from Locusta migratoria (Lom-AKH-I), was assessed in relation to age and dose of the hormone. We demonstrate in this study that the adipokinetic responses induced by bug's corpora cardiaca extract and Lom-AKH-I were dose-dependent for both brachypterous and macropterous females. Significant differences between the morphs were recorded for doses >= 0.25 corpora cardiaca equivalent (P < 0.01) and doses >= 0.25 pmol Lom-AKH-I (P < 0.05). The haemolymph lipid elevations induced in both morphs by 2 pmols Lom-AKH-I are comparable with that induced by crude extract of one pair of the bug's own corpora cardiaca. The age-dependent test showed much higher adipokinetic responses (P < 0.01) in macropterous females (>= 5 days old) than in the brachypterous females of the same age, when treated with 2 pmols Lom-AKH-I. Starting from day 7, the concentration of haemolymph lipids was also considerably higher (2.5-5 times) in macropterous females than in the brachypterous ones. The obtained data indicate that difference in mobilization of lipids between brachypterous and macropterous females is a geographically independent feature and represents a true wing morph characteristic of P. apterus., Dalibor Kodrík, Radomír Socha, and Lit
A simple method of a bicolor (multicolor), fast-Fourier, PAM chlorophyll fluorometry has been developed to obtain fluorescence induction curves. Quantum yields of PSII photochemistry were determined with blue and red simultaneously applied pulsed measuring lights for three subsequent 20-min periods of dark-, light-adaptation under actinic light and dark recovery. Measuring lights were cross-combined with blue and red actinic lights and saturation pulses. Coefficients of chromatic divergence were calculated as a ratio of the quantum yields obtained by red measuring light to that obtained by blue measuring light. Adaptation of Ficus benjamina and Hordeum vulgare leaves under blue (but not red) actinic light resulted in the sufficient increase of chromatic divergence. In addition, fraction of active, non(photo)inhibited, PSII centers was shown to be dependent on the color of measuring light. Thus, color of the light sources should be considered when reporting results of parameters evaluated from fluorescence induction curves., V. Lysenko, D. Lazár, T. Varduny., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This article reports a method for forecasting an earthquake by synchronous anomalies of optical astronomic time-latitude residuals. The so-called optical astronomic time-latitude residuals for a certain astrometric instrument are the rest after deducting the effects of Earth whole motion from the astronomical time and latitude observations determined by the instrument. Forecasting practice for four earthquakes around the Yunnan Observatory occurring after 2010 shows that it does not generate false forecasts, and also does not miss forecasts of major earthquakes. This forecasting practice proves that the synchronous anomalies of astronomical time-latitude residuals can provide effective warning sign for earthquake occurrence around observatory station, thus deserves attention and further study. and Su Youjin, Gao Yuping, Hu Hui.
Modelling the exchange and transformation of matter and energy in ecosystems requires the development of hierarchical structured models of the considered ecosystem compartments. In this context, a model describing the coupled CO2 and H2O gas exchange of a winter wheat canopy was developed and calibrated. The formidation of the model was related to the problems of linking processes at different systém levels. For model calibration, ecophysiological gas exchange characteristics and micro-meteorological data were obtained on both leaf and canopy levels and completed by results of structural and Chemical plant analysis. The gas exchange was measured by a computer-controlled multi-channel systém. On the basis of this data pool, the canopy gas fluxes were calculated by the model as the integrál of the corresponding local fluxes over the area elements of the canopy. The model describes correctly physiological interactions and gas exchange characteristics at both the leaf and canopy levels.