Malé regulační molekuly, tzv. mikroRNA, se podílejí na regulaci všech základních životních procesů v buňkách. Jsou regulátory exprese genů na posttranskripční úrovni. Ovlivňují tuto expresi vazbou na cílové mRNA, která vede k blokaci translace a štěpení mRNA. Nejnovější výzkumy ukázaly, že jejich výskyt není omezen jen na buňky, ale mikroRNA se vyskytují také v tělních tekutinách. Vzhledem k tomu, že diferenciální exprese určitých mikroRNA je často asociovaná s mnoha patologickými procesy, detekce deregulovaných mikroRNA v diagnosticky relevantních vzorcích (např. krvi, plazmě/séru, moči) se může stát základem nových diagnostických postupů. U gynekologických nádorových onemocnění je nalezení nových diagnostických biomarkerů důležitým cílem současných výzkumů. V tomto článku naleznete přehled cirkulujících a extracelulárních mikroRNA, které byly nejnověji nalezeny deregulovány u karcinomu ovaria, endometria a cervixu, především ve vzorcích krve, séra/plazmy a moči., Small, non-coding molecules of RNA, microRNAs, have been shown to participate in regulation of key biological processes in the cells. They regulate the expression at post-transcriptional level by binding to target mRNA, resulting in mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The most recent investigations revealed that microRNAs may occur not only in the cells, but also in many body fluids. Differential expression of particular microRNAs is often associated with many pathological states. Therefore, the detection of deregulated microRNAs in diagnostically relevant samples such as blood, plasma/serum, or urine may become the basis for the establishment of novel diagnostic procedures. Finding alternative diagnostic biomarkers for gynecological cancers is the goal of many recent investigations. We present here the survey of novel circulating and extracellular microRNAs which have been found deregulated in ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer and cervical cancer, particularly in blood, plasma/serum and urine samples., and Luděk Záveský, Eva Jandáková, Radovan Turyna, Lucie Langmeierová, Vít Weinberger, Luboš Minář
The study deals with the fates of monastery of Nepomuk (Pomuk) in exile in the time of Hussite wars. The core is compresed of an analysis of newly found sources, particularly the accounts of the court of the Ebrach Abbey in Nuremburg. Here, the exiles had part of their financial reserves deposited, acquired from the sale and pledge of valuables and books of their cloister. On blank folios of the accounts, there are drafts of letters by the administrator of the court, Hermann of Kottenheim, for the Nepomuk exiles. The mentioned sources deliver a detailed testimony on the as yet unknown place of their residence, the composition, functioning, and financing of the Nepomuk exile monastery. It was also possible to correct the idea that the Nepomuk monks set out for their maternal abbey of Ebrach immediately after the Hussite wars broke out. The core of the monastery resided at the economic court in Weinzierl bei Krems and was finally disbanded only after 1430 when the exiles ran out of finances., Ondřej Vodička., and Obsahuje literaturu a odkazy pod čarou
During the reign of the empress Maria Theresa and in particular of her successor Joseph II, the Habsburg monarchy went through substantial changes. The state took control of parts of public life which had until then been independent. Besides arts, which started to be controlled through the state academy, architecture became the centre of attention. Architecture regulated by state was supposed to observe the so called architectura civilis (Bürgerliche Baukunst) the principles of which had been formulated by German and Austrian theoreticians and mathematicians in the second half of the 18 century. The main features typical for the architectura civilis were simplicity, practicality and economy, which suited the enlightened state. Architects and engineers with profound theoretical knowledge who were able to respond to a wide spectrum of assignments became important for the intentions of the state. Designers who did not make part of the guild structure and who had such wide competences that they could design architecture normally designed by engineers - fortifications, roads, and bridges were considered as ideal. This study focuses on the professional bibliography of two significant engineers working in the service of the estates and the state in Moravia at the last years of 18 century Johann Anton Krzoupal von Grünnenberg, and first Director of the Provincial Building Directorates in Brno Karl Jacobi von Eckholm., Michal Konečný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy