BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
Index of vulnerability is a parameter based on ventricular gradient evaluating the risk of arrhythmia development. The index is derived from isointegral maps of the QT interval. Individual characteristics of isointegral maps are influenced by different factors, which contribute to the relatively high variability among measured parameters of maps in measured subjects. While several electrocardiographic indexes have been introduced, there are only few studies of their dependence on heart rate. In this study we set out to establish the dependence of vulnerability index on the RR interval or heart rate in healthy population. A positive linear correlation between RR intervals and mean and minimum values of vulnerability indexes was found., J. Martinka, K. Kozlíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This note aims to put on record a hitherto unreported function of caterpillar setae supplementary to those already known. When woolly bear caterpillars of the moth Lemyra imparilis (Butler) have their body hairs removed and are dropped into a bucket of water from a height of 30 cm, they sink immediately. Caterpillars, however, with an intact coat of hairs usually float. This hitherto unreported role of caterpillar setae as life-rafts should depend on a high contact angle θe, and thus on the position, density and dimensions of the hairs. An SEM examination of the surface structure of the setae revealed a system of fine grooves and small distally pointing barbs on the hair shaft, which can trap air to support the weight of the insect. Insect setae generally and body hairs of caterpillars in particular are known to possess many functions, but a role as life-rafts for caterpillars in danger of drowning can now be added to the list of possible uses of body hairs., V. Benno Meyer-Rochow., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study sought to evaluate whether consumption of polyphenol extract from Cognac (CPC) modulates platelet activation and cardiovascular reactivity in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated daily for 4 weeks by intra-gastric gavage receiving CPC at 80 mg/kg/day or vehicle (5 % glucose). Platelet adhesion and aggregation in response to different activators were assessed. Cardiac and vascular reactivity in response to various agonists as well as NO measurement by electron paramagnetic resonance technique were investigated in isolated heart and thoracic aorta. Oral administration of CPC decreased platelet aggregation induced by ADP but not by collagen. CPC did not affect adhesion to collagen. The chronotropic but not the inotropic response to isoprenaline was reduced without alteration of NO production in hearts from CPC-treated rats. CPC treatment did not affect ex vivo relaxation to acetylcholine nor NO content of rat aorta. CPC did not significantly alter the response to phenylephrine in aorta despite the participation of endothelial vasoconstrictor products. In summary, chronic treatment with CPC has no impact on ex vivo vascular and cardiac reactivity; however, it reduced heart work and platelet aggregation. These data suggest the existence of compounds in Cognac that may decrease the risk of coronary thrombosis and protect against some cardiac diseases., J. Švíglerová, J. Kuncová, L. Nalos, J. Slavíková, M. Štengl., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Lithium-pilocarpine status epilepticus (SE) resulted in delayed changes of single cortical in terhemisperic (transcallosal) responses in immature rats. Low-frequency stimulation inducing depression and/or potentiation was studied to analyze possible dynamic changes in cortical responses. Status was elicited in 12-day-old (SE12) or 25-day-old (SE25) rats. Control siblings received saline instead of pilocarpine. Interhemispheric responses were elicited by stimulation of the sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex 3, 6, 9, 13, or 26 days after status. A series of 5 biphasic pulses with intensity equal to twofold threshold were used for stimulation. The interval between pulses was 100, 125, 160, 200 or 300 ms, eight responses were always averaged. Peak amplitude of the first positive, first negative and second positive waves was measured and responses to the second, third, fourth and fifth pulse were compared with the first one. Animals after status epilepticus as well as lithium-paraldehyde controls exhibit a frequency depression at nearly all the intervals studied. An outlined increase of responses in SE rats in comparison with the controls three days after SE stayed just below the level of statistical significance. In addition, animals in the SE12 group exhibited potentiation of responses at this interval after SE. With longer intervals after SE, the relation between SE and control animals changed twice resulting in a tendency to lower amplitude of responses in SE than in control rats 26 days after SE. Rats in the SE25 group exhibited higher responses than controls 13 days after status, but this difference was not present at the longest interval after SE. Low-frequency stimulation did not reveal increased cortical excitability as a long-lasting consequence of status epilepticus induced in immature rats. In addition, the outlined differences between SE and control rats changed with the time after SE., G. Tsenov, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
a2_The town of Litija was hit by four damaging earthquakes in the last 120 years which reached a maximum intensity of VII-VIII MSK. The town is located in a shallow sedimentary basin filled with relatively soft Quaternary sediments in which seismic site amplification is expected. On the other hand no borehole or geophysical data are available to support quantitative assessment of site effects. As a contribution to the first seismic microzonation of the area, we performed a free-field study based on the microtremor HVSR method in order to assess the resonance frequency of th e sediments. In ge neral clear spectral peaks were obtained for 57 measuring points which show distribution of frequencies in a broad range between 4.4 an d 22.7 Hz. The iso-frequency map was prepared by using natural neighbour interpolation algorithm. For soil-structure resonance assessment we considered large building stock from different Slovenian towns, because the building typology is similar in wider area. Low-rise masonry family houses with two or three floors prev ail. By microtremor measurements inside 45 such buildings their fundamental longitudinal and transver se frequencies were determined and statistically analysed in a complementary study. To assess the possible occurrence of soil-structure resonance in general, the average fundamental frequency +/- one standard devia tion interval is obtained for these two building heights, which give s the range 5.6-11.1 Hz. The free-field microtremor data shows that this frequency range occupies 37% of the urban area in the Litija basin. This study has shown that soil-structure resonance issue for low-rise buildings is frequently overlooked, but should be considere d seriously in shallow sedimentary basins, characterized by relatively high free-field frequencies, because many towns are located in such geological environment., a2_Second application of the derived iso-frequency map is to support soil classification, because recent investigations have shown that fundamental frequency of sediments can be used together with the average shear velocity in the upper 30 m to improve classi fications according to di fferent seismic codes., Andrej Gosar., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
A measuring system evaluating a Point Spread Function generated in an ultrasonographic image by scanning a spherical target was developed. The target is moved in measuring bath filled by water over scanned volume via 3D computer controlled positioning system. A video signal obtained is converted to digital form and analyzed by original software to derive various objective parameters of the imager as follows: Focal areas in both the azimuth and the elevation directions, Ultrasound scanning lines visualisation, Manufacturer preloaded TGC, Width of the scanning plane, Side lobe levels and Amplification uniformity in the azimuth direction. The method was verified by testing 18 different equipments in 282 measurements. Samples of particular measurement results in form of graphical outputs are included. Medical and physiological impacts of this approach are discussed., L. Doležal, J. Mazura, J. Tesařík, H. Kolářová, D. Korpas, S. Binder, J. Hálek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We estimated the common seasonal signal (annual oscillation) included in the Global Positioning System (GPS) vertical position time series by using Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA). We employed time series from 24 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations located in Europe which contributed to the newest ITRF 2014 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame). The MSSA method has an advantage over the traditional modelling of seasonal signals by the Least-Squares Estimation (LSE) and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) approaches because it can extract time-varying and common seasonal oscillations for stations located in the considered area. Having estimated the annual curve with LSE, we may make a misfit of 3 mm when a peak-to-peak variations of seasonal si gnals are to be estimated due to the time-variability of seasonal signal. A variance of data modelled as annual signal with SSA and MSSA differs of 3 % at average what proves that the MSSA-curves contain only time-varying and common seasonal signal and leave the station-specific part, local phenomena and power-law noise intact. In contrast to MSSA, these effects are modelled by SSA. The differences in spectral indices of power-law noise between MSSA and LSE esti mated with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) are closer to zero than the ones between SSA and LSE, which means that MSSA curves do not contain site-specific noise as much as the SSA curves do., Marta Gruszczynska, Anna Klos, Severine Rosat and Janusz Bogusz., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Desenzitizace a zpracování pomocí očních pohybů (EMDR) představuje terapeutickou metodu pro léčbu posttraumatické stresové poruchy s empiricky ověřovanou účinností. Výzkumy ukázaly, že EMDR snižuje živost a emocionalitu autobiografických vzpomínek a redukuje psychofyziologické nabuzení vlivem na autonomní nervový systém. Hypotézy o mechanismu účinku EMDR předpokládají aktivaci orientační reakce, procesů duální pozornosti a procesy analogické REM fázi spánku. Předpokládá se, že EMDR vyvolává funkční neurobiologické změny, které zefektivňují zpracování informací v centrální nervové soustavě, především u jedinců s posttraumatickou stresovou poruchou., Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) represents a promising approach to treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. The empirical findings provide evidence for the effect of EMDR on decreasing of subjectively perceived vividness and emotional burden of autobiographic memories and on reducing arousal of the autonomic nervous system by shifting the balance towards parasympathetic activation. Recent hypotheses suggest that the effects of EMDR rely on neurobiological mechanisms employed in dual focus attention, orienting reflex and REM sleep. This reprocessing seems to provoke a specific neurobiological response that makes the information processing in central nervous system more efficient, particularly in individuals with PTSD., Hana Vojtová, Petr Bob, Radek Ptáček., and Obsahuje seznam literatury