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1492. Dydrogesteron – klinické výhody jeho metabolické neutrality
- Creator:
- Fait, Tomáš
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, ženské pohlaví, dydrogesteron--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, progestiny--aplikace a dávkování--škodlivé účinky--terapeutické užití, hrozící potrat--farmakoterapie, potrat spontánní--prevence a kontrola, nádory prsu--komplikace, předčasný porod--prevence a kontrola, těhotenství, hormonální substituční terapie, endometrium--účinky léků, postmenopauza--účinky léků, perimenopauza--účinky léků, and časné těhotenské ztráty
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Gestageny mají různé biologické vlastnosti, na které bereme ohled při jejich volbě. V hormonální substituční terapii volíme progestin dle jeho metabolické neutrálnosti a bezpečnosti vzhledem k možnému riziku onemocnění karcinomem prsu. Mikronizovaný progesteron a dydrogesteron mají pravděpodobně lepší bezpečnostní profil než syntetické progestiny. Také v suplementaci gestagenů v těhotenství dáváme přednost přirozeným gestagenům před syntetickými progestiny. Klíčová slova: dydrogesteron – časné těhotenské ztráty – poruchy menstruačního cyklu – hormonální substituční terapie – předčasný porod, Progestagens have oferent biologic affects which must be included into therapeutic choice. The best progestogen for the hormone replacement therapy could be metabolic neutral and safe for breast tissue. Micronised progesterone and dydrogesterone have better safety profile than synthetic progestagens. Also during pregnancy we prefer natural gestagens to synthetic ones. Key words: dydrogesterone – early pregnancy loss – hormone replacement therapy – menstrual cycle disturbance – preterm labor, and Tomáš Fait
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1493. Dynamic changes of orexin A and leptin in obese chldren during body weight reduction
- Creator:
- Jiří Bronský, Jara Nedvídková, Hana Zamrazilová, Martina Pechová, Martin Chada, Karel Kotaška, Jiří Nevoral, and Richard Průša
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, obezita, leptin, výživa dětí, physiology, obesity, children's nutrition, orexin A, hypocretin 1, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study, we describe changes of plasma levels of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A in obese children during the reduction of body weight and its relationship to other biochemical and anthropometrical parameters. We measured orexin A fasting plasma levels by the RIA method in 58 obese children - 33 girls and 25 boys; mean age 13.1±0.38 years (range 7-18.5) before and after 5 weeks of weight-reduction therapy. Leptin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were measured in all the subjects and were compared to orexin A levels and anthropometrical data. Average weight in subjects before weight-reduction was 74.2±2.79 kg and after weight-loss 67.4±2.60 kg (p<0.0001). Orexin A levels before the therapy were 33.3±1.97 pg/ml and after the therapy 51.7±3.07 pg/ml (p<0.0001). Levels of orexin A were not significantly different between girls and boys (p=0.7842). We found negative correlation between orexin A and age (r = -0.5395; p<0.0001), body height (r = -0.4751; p=0.0002), body weight (r = -0.4030; p=0.0017) and BMI (r = -0.2607; p=0.0481). No correlation was found between orexin A and IGF-1, IGFBP-3 or leptin. Orexin A plasma levels increased during body weight loss, whereas the reverse was true for leptin levels. These findings support the hypothesis that orexin A may be involved in regulation of nutritional status in children., J. Bronský, J. Nedvídková, H. Zamrazilová, M. Pechová, M. Chada, K. Kotaška, J. Nevoral, R. Průša., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1494. Dynamické metody kvantitativního testování senzitivity
- Creator:
- Kincová, S., Vlčková, Eva, Šrotová, Iva, Raputová, J., and Bednařík, Josef
- Format:
- print, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, práce podpořená grantem, and TEXT
- Subject:
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků, diagnostické techniky neurologické, bolest--klasifikace, senzorické prahy--fyziologie, prediktivní hodnota testů, algoritmy, časové faktory, ovulace, percepce bolesti--fyziologie--klasifikace, práh bolesti--fyziologie--klasifikace, fyzikální stimulace--metody, mladiství, dospělí, staří, ženské pohlaví, lidé, mužské pohlaví, lidé středního věku, and mladý dospělý
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Úvod: Dynamické metody kvantitativního testování senzitivity (Quantitative Sensory Testing; QST) jsou relativně novou nadstavbovou aplikací QST umožňující objektivizovat funkci centrálních modulačních mechanizmů algické percepce, jejichž individuální nastavení může přispívat k rozvoji chronických bolestivých stavů. Testování těchto mechanizmů umožňuje např. predikci rozvoje pooperační bolesti. K nejčastěji hodnoceným dynamickým QST metodám patří tzv. podmíněná modulace bolesti (Conditioned Pain Modulation; CPM) a časová sumace percepce bolestivých podnětů (Temporal Summation; TS). Soubor a metodika: Vyšetření dQST (dynamic methods of Quantitative Sensory Testing) metod s využitím termoalgických podnětů a modulace bolestivým chladem bylo provedeno u 77 zdravých dobrovolníků (47 žen testovaných v ovulační fázi menstruačního cyklu, 30 mužů, věk 19–73 let). Hodnocen byl také vliv věku a pohlaví na výsledky obou dQST testů. Výsledky: Uspokojivá funkce podmíněné modulace bolesti byla prokázána u 84 % testovaných dobrovolníků. Časová sumace bolestivých podnětů byla zachycena u 92, resp. 98 % jedinců v závislosti na použité teplotě podnětů. Nefunkčnost mechanizmů u zbylé části souboru byla ve většině případů podmíněna nesprávně nastavenými technickými parametry testu. U žen testovaných v ovulační fázi menstruačního cyklu jsme prokázali signifikantně vyšší efektivitu CPM mechanizmu ve srovnání s muži. Funkce TS se mezi oběma pohlavími významně nelišila. Významný vliv věku na efektivitu CPM ani TS mechanizmu nebyl ve sledovaném souboru prokázán. Závěr: Provedená studie ověřila použitelnost zvolených algoritmů dynamického testování senzitivity a prokázala antinociceptivní nastavení žen v ovulační fázi menstruačního cyklu ve srovnání s muži, zatímco významný vliv věku na funkci centrálních modulačních mechanizmů algické percepce nebyl zachycen., Background: So called “dynamic quantitative sensory methods” (dQST) represent relatively new QST application which enables to objectify certain mechanisms of pain processing, e.g. central integration or descending control. Their dysfunction may contribute to the development of chronic painful conditions. dQST methods proved the potential to predict the development of chronic postoperative pain. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS) are the most commonly used dQST tests. Patients and methods: The CPM and TS testing was performed in a group of 77 healthy volunteers (47 women tested in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle, 30 men, age range 19–73) using thermal pain stimuli. Efficiency of CPM and TS mechanism including age and gender influence was evaluated. Results: Efficient CPM was found in 84% of healthy volunteers. In remaining 16%, the inefficiency was mainly due to low intensity of testing or modulatory stimuli. Based on the temperature used, efficient TS mechanism was found in 92% or 98% of healthy individuals. Women in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle showed significantly more efficient CPM comparing to men. No sex differences of TS testing were found. Age had no significant effect on the CPM or TS mechanism in our group of healthy voluteers. Conclusions: Our study has verified the applicability of CPM and TS algorithms used. Women in ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle show increased anti-nociceptive setting comparing to men. No significant effect of age on central modulation of pain perception has been found in pain-free healthy individuals. Key words: pain perception – nociceptive pain – neuropathic pain – temporal summation – conditioned pain modulation – pain measurement – sex factors – age factors The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and S. Kincová, E. Vlčková, I. Šrotová, J. Raputová, J. Bednařík
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1495. Dynamické testovanie latentných učebných schopností: modifikácia a overenie odstupňovania poskytovanej spätnej väzby
- Creator:
- Čema, Vladimír
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Psychologie, psychologie, schopnosti, učení, psychology, abilities, learning, dynamic testing, feedback, latent learning ability, 17, and 159.9
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Cieľ štúdie. Analýza odstupňovania modifikovanej spätnej väzby v Dynamickom teste latentnej učebnej schopnosti pre 8 až 10 ročné deti (DTLUS 8-10). Súbor a postup výskumu. Výskumný súbor tvorili deti zo sociálne znevýhodňujúceho prostredia vo veku od 7 do 8 rokov a 6 mesiacov (N = 50), ktorým boli administrované jednotlivé stupne spätnej väzby izolovane. Hypotéza. Pri izolovanom poskytnutí jednotlivých rád z DTLUS 8-10, upravených na základe zásad poskytovania spätnej väzby v krátkodobých dynamických testoch, sa bude s vyšším stupňom jednotlivých rád zvyšovať aj počet správnych odpovedí. Štatistická analýza. Na zistenie rozdielov medzi jednotlivými radami z hľadiska počtu vyriešených a nevyriešených úloh bol zvolený chí-kvadrát test, v rámci ktorého boli pre každú úlohu porovnávané reálne frekvencie medzi odpoveďami pri jednotlivých dvojiciach rád. Výsledky. Preukázalo sa, že s vyšším stupňom spätnej väzby narastalo aj percento vyriešených úloh. Príspevok poskytuje overený návod na poskytovanie spätnej väzby v krátkodobých dynamických testoch. Obmedzenia štúdie. Výsledky sa vzťahujú len na 7 až 8 ročné deti zo sociálne znevýhodňujúceho prostredia., Goal of the study. Analysis of grading the modified feedback in Dynamic test of latent learning ability for 8 to 10 years old children (DTLUS 8-10). Sample and method. The research sample consisted of children from socially disadvantaged environment aging from 7 to 8 years and 6 months (N=50). The particular grades of feedback were administered to them separately. Hypothesis. In case of separate providing the particular sequences from DTLUS 8-10, adjusted on the basis of principles for providing the feedback in short-time dynamic tests, together with the higher grade of particular sequences the number of right answers will be also increasing. Statistical analysis. For assessing the differences between particular sequences in numbers of worked out and non-worked out tasks the chisquared test was selected. The real frequencies of answers in particular pairs of sequences were compared for every task. Results. It was proved that together with the higher grade of feedback the percentage of worked out tasks was increasing. The paper offers the verified instructions for providing feedback in short-time dynamic tests. Study limits. Results apply only to 7 to 8 years old children from socially disadvantaged environment., Vladimír Čema., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1496. Dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS, or infected by Borrelia
- Creator:
- Ladislav Janský, Reymanová, P., and Kopecký, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, horečka, cytokiny, fever, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, borrelia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To specify the role of individual cytokines in the immune response to pyrogens, isolated and cultivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for the experiments. Different pyrogens (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli - LPS and live Borrelia afzelii) were applied and the time course of changes in concentrations of different cytokines in the medium was followed using the ELISA method. It was found that nonstimulated human PBMC proliferate under in vitro conditions and produce IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10 and finally also IL-1b. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g are not changed. Proliferation of PBMC is potentiated after incubation with LPS or live Borrelia. PBMC stimulated by LPS increase the net production (stimulated minus unstimulated) of IL-1b and TNF-a significantly, while production of IL-6 was smaller. A delayed increase in the production of IL-10 was also observed. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g were not influenced. In contrast to LPS, stimulation of PBMC with live Borrelia, increases also the production of IL-12 and IFN-g, besides IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10. Productions of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa increased immediately after incubation with both LPS and Borrelia, while productions of IL-12 and INF-g begin to increase 8 hours and production of IL-10 12 hours after stimulation. Data indicate that stimulation with different pyrogens may activate the cells of the immune cascade in a different way. Stimulation of BPMC by LPS seems to activate the initial steps of the immune response (macrophages and granulocytes) only, while infection with live Borrelia also stimulates the later phase of the immune response, probably due to effect of initially produced cytokines., L. Janský, P. Reymanová, J. Kopecký., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1497. Dynamics of cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS, or infected by Borrelia
- Creator:
- Ladislav Janský, Reymanová, P., and Kopecký, J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, horečka, cytokiny, fever, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, borrelia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To specify the role of individual cytokines in the immune response to pyrogens, isolated and cultivated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used for the experiments. Different pyrogens (lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli - LPS and live Borrelia afzelii) were applied and the time course of changes in concentrations of different cytokines in the medium was followed using the ELISA method. It was found that nonstimulated human PBMC proliferate under in vitro conditions and produce IL-6, TNF-a, IL-10 and finally also IL-1b. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g are not changed. Proliferation of PBMC is potentiated after incubation with LPS or live Borrelia. PBMC stimulated by LPS increase the net production (stimulated minus unstimulated) of IL-1b and TNF-a significantly, while production of IL-6 was smaller. A delayed increase in the production of IL-10 was also observed. Productions of IL-12 and INF-g were not influenced. In contrast to LPS, stimulation of PBMC with live Borrelia, increases also the production of IL-12 and IFN-g, besides IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10. Productions of IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa increased immediately after incubation with both LPS and Borrelia, while productions of IL-12 and INF-g begin to increase 8 hours and production of IL-10 12 hours after stimulation. Data indicate that stimulation with different pyrogens may activate the cells of the immune cascade in a different way. Stimulation of BPMC by LPS seems to activate the initial steps of the immune response (macrophages and granulocytes) only, while infection with live Borrelia also stimulates the later phase of the immune response, probably due to effect of initially produced cytokines., L. Janský, P. Reymanová, J. Kopecký., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1498. Dynamics of tissue ubiquitin pools and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway component activities during the systemic response to traumatic shock
- Creator:
- Patel, M. P., Earle, S. A., and Majetschak, Matthias
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Patologie. Klinická medicína, biochemie, traumatologie, šok (lékařství), biochemistry, traumatology, shock (medicine), proteasome endopeptidase complex, ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, ATP-dependent 26S protease, epoxomicin, 14, and 616
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Based on the biological significance of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) and its potential role during sepsis, burns and ischemia-reperfusion injury, we hypothesized that the systemic response to traumatic shock (TS) is accompanied by tissue-specific UPP alterations. Therefore, we studied tissue ubiquitin pools, chymotryptic- and tryptic-like proteasome peptidase activities and ubiquitin-protein ligation (UbPL) rates in skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney using a clinically relevant porcine model (bilateral femur fracture/hemorrhage followed by fluid resuscitation). TS induced a systemic reduction of tissue- specific high molecular mass ubiquitin-protein conjugates (>50 kDa). Free ubiquitin was unaffected. The dynamic organ patterns of ubiquitin pools paralleled the typical physiological response to TS and resuscitation. Reduction of ubiquitin-protein conjugates was most pronounced in heart and lung (p<0.05 vs. control) and accompanied by significant increases in proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities in these organs. Unlike all other tissues, spleen proteasome peptidase and UbPL activities were significantly reduced 10 h after TS. These findings support the concept that the UPP could play an important role in regulation of cell functions during the early whole-body response to TS. The UPP might be a therapeutic target to improve the metabolic care after TS, particularly in the heart, lung, and spleen., M. B. Patel, S. A. Earle, M. Majetschak., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1499. Dynamika eskalace syrského konfliktu
- Creator:
- Zora Hesová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dějiny Asie. Orient, arabské revoluce (2011-), občanská válka v Sýrii (2011-), revolutions in the Arab world, 2011-, Syrian Civil War (2011-), Sýrie, Syria, 8, and 94(5)
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Syria changed from a seemingly stable and slowly modernising country to the site of a regional conflict in a matter of months. The factors of escalation are to be sought in three interrelated aspects: in the power structures of the Asad regime, that choose to deal with the reverberations of the Arab Spring through intensified security alone; in the transformation of social protest into a sectarian conflict; in the unconditional support that all sides receive from abroad. As a result, Syria ceased to be what it was three years ago: a country, a state, and a society., Zora Hesová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1500. Dynamika horských smrčin na Šumavě
- Creator:
- Vojtěch Čada, Brůna, Josef, Miroslav Svoboda, and Wild, Jan
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, smrk, Šumava (pohoří), 2, and 58
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Understanding the history of coniferous forests and their natural changes over time is critical for proper and effective forest management. The text describes the origin and disturbance history of the mountain Norway Spruce (Picea abies) forests in the Šumava Mts. (Bohemian Forest) using tree-ring and archival documents analyses. Severe and extensive natural disturbances play and have played a fundamental role in forest structure and dynamics. Part of the territory has been shaped by forest management. and Vojtěch Čada ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public