The orientation of the Earth is defined by Earth orientation parameters that are measured by space geodetic techniques. The results provided by these techniques differ from each other. The method presented here combines these results in order to get a representative solution of the Earth orientation parameters. Other products of the method are improved coordinates and velocities of collocations stations distributed on six major and two minor tectonic plates. The fact that the stations lie on their plates gives us possibility to describe movements of these plates during our data interval. All new results are compared with the ones published by ITRF 2005 and presented hereafter., Vojtěch Štefka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy occurs following a program of aerobic endurance exercise training and it is considered as a physiologically beneficial adaptation. To investigate the underlying biology of physiological hypertrophy, we rely on robust experimental models of exercise training in laboratory animals that mimic the training response in humans. A number of experimental strategies have been established, such as treadmill and voluntary wheel running and swim training models that all associate with cardiac growth. These approaches have been applied to numerous animal models with various backgrounds. However, important differences exist between these experimental approaches, which may affect the interpretation of the results. Here, we review the various approaches that have been used to experimentally study exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy; including the advantages and disadvantages of the various models., Y. Wang, U. Wisloff, O. J. Kemi., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Fractures commonly existing in rocks flow on their elastic properties and hence on velocity of seismic waves propagating in the rock mass. This relation allows to use seismic methods to determine the fracture density and the orientation of fracture sets. This paper presents results of the research which concern directional changes of dynamic elastic moduli in sedimentary and igneous rocks from south part of Poland. These moduli depend on density of the rock matrix as well as density and orientation of cracks and flow on seismic wave velocity. The seismic equipment Terraloc MK6 (ABEM) was used for the measurements of seismic wave velocity in the surface layers of rock mass. The research was made along precise oriented radial seismic profiles. P-waves and S-waves ve locities were established from recorded seism ograms. The values of P and S waves velocity allowed to calculate values of dynamic elastic moduli for all profiles. The results were presented on diagrams of azimuth distribution of elastic moduli, and diagrams of dynamic elastic moduli versus P - wave velocity. The diagrams showed an anisotropy of elastic properties of the investigated rocks. The maximal values of moduli agree with maximal values of velocity and also with orientation of main crack sets or potential directions of weakening of rock mass. Obtained results point that the seismic methods allow to assign the directions of weakening of rocks what can be for example use during preliminary designing, constructing and exploitation of tunnels., Iwona Stan - Kleczek and Adam F. Idziak., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Blokátory angiotenzinových receptorů typu 1 (AT1-blokátory, sartany) patří mezi základní antihypertenzní látky vhodné pro monoterapii i kombinační léčbu hypertenze. AT1-blokátory mají srovnatelné účinky s dalšími hlavními třídami antihypertenziv včetně ACE-inhibitorů. Dle současných doporučení České společnosti pro hypertenzi jsou sartany spolu s ACE-inhibitory a blokátory kalciových kanálů považovány za tzv. univerzální antihypertenziva. Mají ze všech antihypertenziv nejméně nežádoucích účinků a nemocní léčení sartany vykazují nejlepší dlouhodobou perzistenci k léčbě. V článku jsou diskutovány mechanizmy antihypertenzního účinku jakož i srovnání antihypertenzních účinků sartanů s dalšími antihypertenzními látkami. Jsou uvedeny výsledky větších klinických studií se sartany a indikace u arteriální hypertenze., Angiotensin receptor antagonists (AT1-blockers) are considered as one of the major classes of antihypertensive drugs suitable for monotherapy as well as for combination treatment. AT1-blockers have comparable antihypertensive efficacy with other major classes of antihypertensive drugs. AT1-blockers are considered by current guidelines of Czech society of hypertension altogether with ACE-inhibitors and calcium channel blockers as universal antihypertensive drug class. AT1-blockers has the lowest profile of side-effects among all antihypertensive drug classes and thus very high persistence to therapy. Mechanisms of antihypertensive effects of AT1-blockers are discussed altogether with the results of large clinical trials and indications in the treatment of hypertension., and Jiří Widimský Jr.
In our previous studies, a decreased blood pressure was reported in children treated by anthracycline (AC). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effects of AC anticancer therapy in 45 subjects aged 13-22 years by repeated 24-hour Holter monitoring of blood pressure. Sixty four aged-matched subjects served as controls. The differences between mean values of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in each hour of both groups were evaluated by Mann-Whitney test. Also the parameters of the least-squares fit of the sinusoidal curve in each subject were estimated (M - mesor, midline-estimating, a mean value of sinusoidal curve corresponds to 24-hours mean pressure; A - amplitude, double amplitude corresponds to nightday difference; Acr - acrophase is a time of maximal value of a sinusoidal curve). SBP and DBP was significantly lower only during night hours in anthracycline patients 19-22 years old. Also M was lower in this age subgroup of patients comparing to age matched controls (SBP: 112±6 mm Hg versus 117±7 mm Hg, p<0.05; DBP: 67±3 mm Hg versus 69±6 mm Hg, p<0.05), A was not different, Acr in patients was shifted one hour earlier (SBP: 2.4 p.m. versus 3.6 p.m., p<0.05; DBP: 2.1 p.m. versus 3.3 p.m., p<0.01). This corresponds to the shift of the morning blood-pressure increase seen on 24-hours blood pressure profiles. M correlated with age in controls (SBP: r=0.374, p<0.01; regression coefficient b=1.34 mm Hg/1 year; DBP: r=0.365, p<0.01; b=0.95 mm Hg/1 year), but not in patients (SBP: r=0.182, DBP: r=0.064). A and Acr were age-independent in all subjects. It is concluded that blood pressure in 19-22 years old AC patients is lower during night hours, the age-dependent increase of blood pressure seen in healthy controls between 13 and 22 years of age does not occur in patients. This finding is consistent with the long-lasting impairment of the sympathetic nervous system caused by anthracyclines., Z. Nováková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy