Early consequences of lithium-pilocarpine convulsive status epilepticus (SE) were studied six days after this status had been induced in rat pups at the age of either 12 or 25 days. Studies of spontaneous EEG activity demonstrated the presence of epileptic phenomena (isolated spikes) in both hippocampus and cortex (cortical spikes were more expressed in the older group). There were no marked behavioral correlates of spikes and transition into the ictal phase was exceptional. The motor performance on a rotorod and a horizontal bar was the same in experimental and control rats of both ages. Behavior in the open field was changed in a reverse manner in the two age groups: the locomotor activity of rats with induced seizures at the age of 12 days was significantly lower than that of their control siblings, whereas animals undergoing status at the age of 25 days were hyperactive. In addition, they also exhibited increased exploratory activity (rearing) and their habituation to the open field was deranged. Nissl-stained brain sections demonstrated extensive brain damage in the older group in contrast to the negative findings in younger animals. EEG, behavioral and morphological changes induced by status epilepticus in developing rats persisted for 6 days after the status. They markedly differed according to the age of animals., L. Suchomelová, H. Kubová, R. Haugvicová, R. Druga, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The use of Continuously Operating Reference Stations, both singly and as part of an active network, is widely employed in surveying, engineering and other geomatics applications, achieving high accuracy positioning even in real time. With an active network the measurements of the reference stations are processed jointly in order to model the errors and compute network RTK corrections. Due to distance dependent errors (ionospheric and tropospheric delays), single base RTK positioning accuracy decreases with increased baseline length. However, the network solution (NRTK) retains the accuracy and the time to fix ambiguities (TTFA) at a constant level. This study aims to contribute to the scientific research on real time positioning based on active networks. In Southern Spain, ERGNSS, a national CORS network that provides GNSS data for post-processing and real time single- b ased reference station corrections, shares territory with the Andalusian Positioning Network (RAP), a local active network. RAP provides network an d single-based RTK corrections. In order to analyze the quality of real time positioning based on both networks, several tests have been performed on a sample of test points. The reference frame, the time to fix ambiguity resolution, precision, accuracy and repeatability of RTK positioning are considered as the evaluation parameters. The results confirm that the RAP network complements the precise positioning services provided by the ERGNSS network, ensuring accurate real time positioning, full cove rage and reliable positioning services in the Andalusian Community., Mª Selmira Garrido, Antonio J. Gil and Rafael Gaitán., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In order to study a possible effect of mini-invasive heart intervention on a response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, we analyzed four stress markers (cortisol, cortisone, DHEA and DHEAS) in 25 sows using minimally invasive heart catheterisation as the stress factor. The marker levels were assessed in four periods of the experiment, (1) the baseline level on the day before intervention, (2) after the introduction of anesthesia, (3) after conducting tissue stimulation or ablation, and (4) after the end of the catheterisation. For statistical analyses we used the non-parametric Friedman test for four dependent samples (including all four stages of the operation) or three dependent samples (influence of operation only, baseline level was excluded). Statistically significant differences in both Friedman tests were found for cortisol and for cortisone. Significant differences for DHEA as well as for DHEAS were found for all tested stages but not for the effect of operation itself. We have concluded that cortisol levels are blunted by the influence of anesthesia after its administration, and therefore decrease back to the baseline at the end of the operation. The other markers (cortisone, DHEA and DHEAS) acted as balanced systems against the injurious stress effect., H. Skarlandtová, M. Bičíková, P. Neužil, M. Mlček, V. Hrachovina, T. Svoboda, E. Medová, J. Kudlička, A. Dohnalová, Š. Havránek, H. Kazihnítková, L. Máčová, E. Vařejková, O. Kittnar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Ceremonial inauguration of Tokamak Compass-D that Czech Republic obtained as gift from Great Britain took place in April 1 2008 by participation e.g. chairman of AS CR Václav Pačes, ambasador of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Linda Joy Duffield, director of Association EUROATOM-IPP.CR Hardo Bruns and director of UKAEA Fusion Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith. A Tokamak Compass-D is a machine producing a toroidal magnetic field for confining a plasma. It is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices and the most researched candidate for producing fusion energy. and Marina Hužvárová.
Invazivní metody léčby chronické formy ischemické choroby srdeční byly po dlouhou dobu považovány za kauzální terapii, která bezpochyby snižuje morbiditu a mortalitu nemocných. Na druhé straně životní styl a farmakologická terapie byla nahlížena jako spíše doplňující, ale nikoliv rozhodující léčba. V posledních letech je možno vidět změnu v pohledu na ischemickou chorobu srdeční. Je to mnohem difuznější proces v koronráním řečišti a není to tedy jen otázka kritických stenóz, ale stejně nemocného ohrožují i další úseky věnčitých tepen, kde se hovoří o vulnerabilních placích. Překvapením pro experty byly závěry řady studií potvrzujících neschopnost invazivch metod prodloužit život nemocným s chronickou formou ICHS. Na druhé straně přibývají důkazy o významném vlivu úpravy životního stylu a rozrůstajících se možnostech farmakolgoické terapie s pozitivním vlivem na morbiditu a mortalitu. Článek prezentuje současné názory na tyto otázky, které jsou nyní živě diskutovány., Invasive methods for treatment of coronary artery disease in chronic form were, for a long time, believed to be causal treatment that definitely diminish patient morbidity and mortality. By contrast, lifestyle and pharmacological therapy were seen as valuable but not lifesaving. In the last few years a change can be seen in the view on coronary artery disease. It is a much more diffusive and complicated process in the coronary tree. It is not merely a question of the critical stenotic areas; the new idea of vulnerable plaque, which presents the same danger of complication as critically stenotic areas, is also important. A great surprise for experts was the result of various studies confirming the inability of invasive procedures to prolong life in patients with chronic coronary disease. On the other hand, there has been more evidence that lifestyle changes and expanding pharmacological possibilities can have a significant positive effect on morbidity and mortality. This article aims to present the problem as it is currently being discussed., and Kotík L.
Long-term multidisciplinary research has significantly advanced our understanding of the Krkonoše Mts. arctic-alpine tundra. Three tundra zones (cryo-eolian, cryo-vegetated and niveo-glaciated) are recognized and can be found on the highest summits, etchplains of the western and eastern parts of the mountains and in glacial cirques on both sides of the state border. The arcticalpine tundra of the Krkonoše Mts. is one of the major centres of geobiodiversity in the context of Central European mountains. and Jan Štursa.
Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an important risk factor for future stroke, is affected by a presence carotid stenosis. However, in some cases CVR can be impaired in the absence of carotid stenosis due to several poorly characterized mechanisms. We hypothesized that arterial stiffening as observed in coronary heart disease (CHD) could be associated with alteration in CVR in CHD patients without carotid stenosis. The study population consisted of patients referred for coronary angiography without significant carotid stenosis (<50 %). CVR was evaluated by breath holding index (BHI) measured with transcranial color code duplex ultrasound. Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured by the oscillometric method. The extent of coronary atherosclerosis was quantified by Gensini score (GS). Out of 186 subjects, sixty-two patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. BHI decreased with increasing PWV (r = -0.47, p<0.001). Decrease in BHI was significantly inversely associated with GS (r = -0.61, p<0.001). GS was associated with PWV (p<0.001). In conclusion, impaired CVR was associated with increased arterial stiffening in CHD patients in the absence of significant carotid stenosis. Thus, we speculate that increased arterial stiffness may at least partially contribute to the pathophysiology of CVR alteration in coronary artery disease., D. Rucka, J. Marek, Z. Rucklova, J.-C. Lubanda, S. Havranek, J. Skvaril, P. Varejka, M. Chochola, D. Karetova, J. Korinek, A. Linhart., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cieľ: Úlohou tejto prehľadovej práce o diagnóze a manažmente artériovej hypertenzie je zamerať sa na dokumenty a štúdie o hypertenzii publikované v ostatných rokoch s cieľom určiť ich príspevok k rozšíreniu našich vedomostí o artériovej hypertenzii v klinickej praxi. Diskusia: Artériovú hypertenziu nedefinujú príznaky a znaky, ale čísla hodnôt krvného tlaku. Artériová hypertenzia je cievna choroba (vaskulárny rizikový faktor) viacerých cievnych chorôb (ateroskleróza; arterioloskleróza/arteriolonekróza/arteriolokalcinóza; artériová trombóza; artériová embólia; artériová tromboembólia; artériová disekcia; komplikovaná artériová aneuryzma) a iné. Záver: Artériová hypertenzia je príčinou i následkom funkčného (dysfunkcia endotelu) i štruktúrneho vaskulárneho a orgánového poškodenia (multiorgánovomultivaskulárna choroba). Cievy sú páchateľkami, nástrojmi i obeťami artériovej hypertenzie a orgánovocievnych artériových chorôb. Kľúčové slová: angiológia/vaskulárna medicína – artériová hypertenzia – cievne choroby – cievy – interná medicína – orgánovovaskulárne artériové choroby, Aim: The aim of this review is to address documents and a number of studies on hypertension published in the last years in order to assess their contribution to our expanding knowledge of arterial hypertension. Discussion: Arterial hypertension is not defined by symptoms and signs but by numbers of blood pressure values. Arterial hypertension is vascular disease (vascular risk factor) of many vascular diseases (atherosclerosis; arteriolosclerosis/arteriolonecrosis/arteriolocalcinosis; arterial thrombosis; arterial embolism; arterial thromboembolism; arterial dissection; complicated arterial aneurysm) and other. Conclusion: Arterial hypertension is cause and consequence of functional (endothelial dysfunction) and of structural organovascular injury (multiorganomultivascular disease). Blood vessels are culprits, implements and victims of arterial hypertension and of organovascular arterial diseases. Key words: angiology/vascular medicine – arterial hypertension – blood vessels – internal medicine – organovascular arterial diseases – vascular, and Peter Gavorník, Andrej Dukát, Ľudovít Gašpar, Naďa Hučková, Laura Slezáková, Katarína Kusendová, Gabriela Gubo, Denisa Medová, Xénia Faktorová, Eva Gavorníková