Postižení kognitivních funkcí (KF) je ve všech fázích roztroušené sklerózy (RS) důležitým prediktorem kvality života a je nejčastější příčinou ztráty zaměstnání. Deficit mívá nejběžněji charakter mírné kognitivní poruchy a jeho projevy jsou velmi variabilní, a proto je důležitá přesná neuropsychologická diagnostika. Mírný kognitivní deficit u RS zahrnuje obvykle zpomalení rychlosti zpracování informací, poruchu komplexní pozornosti, paměti a exekutivních funkcí. Minimalizaci dopadů onemocnění může významně ovlivnit rehabilitace kognitivních funkcí. Rehabilitace kognitivních poruch přešla od metody tužka-papír k rehabilitaci pomocí počítačových programů. Uvádíme řadu studií zabývajících se rehabilitací kognitivních funkcí včetně kvantitativních i kvalitativních výsledků jednotlivých studií a sledujeme výsledky rehabilitace v krátkodobém i dlouhodobějším horizontu. Pozitivní efekt rehabilitace se jednoznačně ukazuje v oblasti zvyšování kvality života a snižování deprese. Předmětem diskuze však zůstává, zda se nejedná jen o efekt krátkodobý, a také to, jaké další faktory mohou pozitivní efekt tréninku podpořit., In all phases of multiple sclerosis (MS), cognitive deficits (CD) are an important predictor of the quality of life and the frequent cause of job loss. The deficits usually have a character of a mild cognitive impairment and their manifestation varies greatly. Therefore, accurate neuropsychological assessment is important. Mild cognitive symptoms in MS usually include problems with the speed of information processing and visual learning, dysfunction of complex attention and executive functions. Rehabilitation of cognitive functions can significantly influence and minimize the impact of the disease. Rehabilitation of cognitive deficits has changed from “pencil-paper” method to computer-program-based rehabilitation. This papers reviews a range of studies dealing with cognitive function rehabilitation, including both quantitative and qualitative results, and both short- and long-term results. The positive effects of rehabilitation are clearly shown by increased quality of life and alleviated depressive symptoms. Further discussion is needed about durability of this effect and what other factors can positively support the training effects. Key words: multiple sclerosis – computerized cognitive training – magnetic resonance – cognitive rehabilitation – cognitive dysfunction – neuropsychological assessment The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and D. Chmelařová, Z. Ambler, M. Dostál, V. Vobořilová
The aim of the present study was to quantify the effect of multisensory rehabilitation on rats’ cognition after an experimental brain trauma and to assess its possible clinical implications. The complex intermittent multisensory rehabilitation consisted of currently used major therapeutic procedures targeted at the improvement of cognitive functions; including multisensory and motor stimulation and enriched environment. We have confirmed this positive effect of early multisensory rehabilitation on the recovery of motor functions after traumatic brain injury. However, we have been able to prove a positive effect on the recovery of cognitive functions only with respect to the frequency of efficient search st rategies in a Barnes maze test, while results for search time and travelled distance were not significantly different between st udy groups. We have concluded that the positive effects of an early treatment of functional deficits are comparable with the clinical results in early neurorehabilitation in human patients after brain trauma. It might therefore be reasonable to apply these experimental results to human medical neurorehabilitation care., M. Lippert-Grüner ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The manuscript collection of polyphonic compositions, a so-called Codex Speciálník (Prague, ca. 1485-1500), is presented in the study as a possible starting point for an investigation of the everyday life of a late medieval town. The centre of attention is primarily the alphabetically arranged index of the compositions, which was to facilitate orientation in the musical contents of the codex. The majority of the compositions were copied into the manuscript without the name of the author, therefore the textual incipits were used in the index for the identification of the anonymous songs and motets. and Lenka Hlávková.
Fünfter Band, Zweiter Band, Aus Dalmatien, von Ida von Düringsfeld ; mit Anmerkungen von Otto von Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, Obsahuje bibliografie, and Tištěno švabachem