The concept of vena contracta space reduction in tricuspid valve position was tested in an animal model. Feasibility of specific artificial obturator body (REMOT) fixed to the right ventricular apex and interacting with tricuspid valve leaflets was evaluated in three different animal studies. Catheter-based technique was used in three series of experiment in 7 sheep. First acute study was designed for evaluation if the screwing mode of guide wire anchoring to the right ventricular apex is feasible for the whole REMOT body fixing. Longer study was aimed to evaluate stability of the REMOT body in desired position when fixing the screwing wire on its both ends (to the right ventricular apex and to the skin in the neck area). X-ray methods and various morphological methods were used. The third acute study was intended to the REMOT body deployment without any fixing wire. In all of 7 sheep the REMOT was successfully inserted into the right heart cavities and then fixed to the ri ght ventricular apex area. When the REMOT was left in situ more than 6 months it was stable, induced adhesion to the tricuspid valve leaflet and was associated with a specific cell invasion. Releasing of the REMOT from the guiding tools was also successfully verified. Deployment of the obturator body in the aim to reduce the tricuspid valve orifice is feasible and well tolerated in the short and longer term animal model. Specific cell colonization including neovascularization of the obturator body was observed., J. Sochman ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The Prague Hereditary Hypercholesterolemic (PHHC) rat is a model of hypercholesterolemia. In previous experiments, it was found to be completely resistant to the development of atherosclerosis. It was assumed that the reverse transport of cholesterol (RCT) might be the reason for this resistance. In this study, RCT was measured in vivo by cholesterol efflux from macrophages to plasma, using previously established methods for RCT in mice (Rader 2003), optimized for measurements in rats. Primary cell culture of macrophages was labeled with 14Ccholesterol and then injected intraperitoneally into rats. Plasma and feces were collected at 24 and 48 h. The plasma 14Ccholesterol levels at both 24 and 48 h were significantly higher in male PHHC rats compared to control Wistar rats. The PHHC rats excreted less 14C-cholesterol in feces in 24 and 48 h compared to Wistar rats. The largest pool of 14C-cholesterol was found in the adipose tissue of PHHC rats and in contrast lower levels of 14Ccholesterol were measured in the liver and muscle tissues of PHHC rats compared with Wistar rats. Increasing release of 14Ccholesterol efflux from macrophages demonstrates accelerated RTC and leads to prevention of atherogenesis in PHHC rats., M. Schmiedtova, M. Heczkova, J. Kovar, I. Kralova Lesna, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A decrease of F,„ followed with a ceitain delay by an increase of was detected in the cells of Synechococcus elongatus in the first 120 min of the photoinhibitory treatment at 56 <>0 (growth temperature). Then F,n started to rise in parallel with F,, and this process proceeded widi the same rate both in the light and in the dark at 56 °C after light treatment. On tíie contrary, an increase of F^ observed during the light treatment at 15 °C was largely reversed after subsequent transfer of the ceUs to the dark at 56 <>€ but F,q remained nearly unchanged during the dark incubation.
Úvod: Reverzný, liver-first prístup je alternatívou pre pacientov s komplikovanými synchrónnymi pečeňovými metastázami, kde by progresia v pečeni viedla k inoperabilite, alebo pre pacientov s lokálne pokročilým nálezom v malej panve, kde by komplikácia resekcie primárneho tumoru mohla ohroziť včasnú resekciu pečeňových metastáz. Metódy: Retrospektívna unicentrická analýza 32 pacientov liečených reverzným prístupom v období rokov 2011−2015. Reverzný prístup bol v tomto období indikovaný na základe konsenzu členov multioborovej onkologickej komisie ako preferovaný u všetkých pacientov s iniciálne, alebo potenciálne resekabilným synchrónnym izolovaným metastatickým postihom pečene pri adenokarcinóme kolorekta. Výsledky: 26 pacientov (81,3 %) úspešne absolvovalo kompletnú resekciu nádorovej masy (resekciu pečeňových metastáz a resekciu primárneho tumoru), ale iba 16 pacientov (50 %) absolvovalo kompletný onkochirurgický liečbený plán (hepatektómia, resekcia primárneho tumoru a plánovaná dávka a dĺžka perioperačnej, alebo adjuvantnej onkologickej liečby). Medián prežívania bol 50,5 mesiacov, trojročné prežívanie v súbore bolo 83,7 %. U 20 pacientov (62,5 %) došlo počas sledovania k progresii ochorenia s mediánom do progresie 21,6 mesiaca. Najčastejším miestom progresie bola pečeň, nasledovaná pľúcami (65 resp. 20 % všetkých rekurencií nádorového ochorenia). Záver: Aj keď reverzný, liver-first prístup umožňuje kompletné odstránenie masy tumoru u väčšiny pacientov, iba polovica z nich absolvuje kompletný onkochirurgický liečebný plán. Najproblematickejším aspektom reverzného postupu je načasovanie a dĺžka perioperačnej (bio)chemoterapie. Dôkladné zváženie rizika progresie metastatického procesu počas liečby ako aj rizika kompletnej rádiologickej odpovede by malo viesť k uváženej indikácii perioperačnej (bio)chemoterapie najmä u pacientov s iniciálne resekabilnými pečeňovými metastázami., Introduction: Reverse, liver-first strategy is an alternative for patients with complicated liver metastases where disease progression would prove inoperable, or for patients with locally advanced pelvic disease where postoperative complications after primary tumour resection may lead to delayed treatment of metastatic disease. Methods: Retrospective unicenter analysis of 32 patients approached liver-first approach between 2011 and 2015. During this period reverse strategy was considered a preferred approach for all initially or potentially resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastases based on multidisciplinary team consensus. Results: 26 patients (81.3%) completed their surgical plan (hepatectomy and primary tumour resection) but only 16 (50%) completed their oncosurgical plan (hepatectomy, primary tumour resection and full dose and length of perioperative or adjuvant systemic (bio)chemotherapy). Median overall survival was 50.5 months with the survival rate of 83.7% at 3 years. 20 patients (62.5%) progressed during the follow-up with median time to progression of 21.6 months. The liver was the most common site of recurrent disease followed by the lungs (65% and 20% of all recurrences, respectively). Conclusion: While reverse strategy may allow complete tumour removal in the majority of patients, only half of them complete their oncosurgical plan even with the liver-first approach. The most problematic aspect of the liver-first strategy is the timing and length of perioperative (bio)chemotherapy. When deciding on preoperative chemotherapy in up-front resectable lesions one should take into account the risk of disease progression while on chemotherapy as well as the risks of complete radiologic response., and M. Straka, M. Migrová, R. Soumarová, L. Burda, I. Selingerová
everal myxosporean parasites are of importance in fisheries and aquaculture in British Columbia. The PKX organism and Ceratomyxa shasta Noble, 1950 cause disease and mortality, Kudoa thyrsiles (Gilchrist, 1924) and Henneguya salminicola Ward, 1919 are of importance because they infect somatic muscle, cause unsightly cysts and soft flesh, and thus reduce the market value of the fish. Myxobolus arcticus Pugachev et Khokhlov, 1979, an apparently non-pathogenic species, along with H. salminicola, is used as a biological tag in fishery management. Myxobolus arcticus has also been used in our laboratory as a model for the study of myxosporean life cycles. Other myxosporeans that have been found in salmonids in British Columbia include Myxobolus squamalis (Iverson, 1954), Myxobolus insidiosus Wyatt et Pratt, 1963, Myxidium truitae Léger, 1930, Myxidium salvelini Shuhnan et Konovalov, 1966, Chloromyxum sp., ľarvicapsula sp., and Sphaerospora sp.