Fusilade (fluazifop-p-butyl) is one of the herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The exogenous effect of 30, 60, and 90 ppm fusilade on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Giza 5) leaves was studied. With increasing fusilade concentration, the peanut leaf chlorosis appeared after 7-10 d. Declined leaf pigment contents confirmed the leaf chlorosis. Electron microscopic observation of the fusilade-treated (FT) leaves revealed disorganization in the ultrastructure of mesophyll cell chloroplasts. An increase of plastoglobuli occurrence within chloroplasts and degenerated grana thylakoids were observed in FT leaves. Fusilade treatments induced mainly the enhancement of malondialdehyde content and the activities of peroxidases (guaiacol and ascorbate). On contrary, a decrease in H2O2 content, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was recorded. Enhancements of the guaiacol and ascorbate peroxidase activities were associated with the decreasing H2O2 content in the FT leaves. Hydrogen peroxide seems not to be involved in the oxidative stress of FT leaves. In the FT leaves, the oxidative stress confirmed by chlorophyll degradation and lipid peroxidation might be caused by the other reactive oxygen species probably due to the decrease of superoxide dismutase activity., K. A. Fayez, D. E. M. Radwan, A. K. Mohamed, A. M. Abdelrahman., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Inconsistent information from different modalities can be delusive for perception. This phenomenon can be observed with simultaneously presented inconsistent numbers of brief flashes and short tones. The conflict of bimodal information is reflected in double flash or fission, and flash fusion illusions, respectively. The temporal resolution of the vision system plays a fundamental role in the development of these illusions. As the parallel, dorsal and ventral pathways have different temporal resolution we presume that these pathways play different roles in the illusions. We used pathway-optimized stimuli to induce the illusions on separately driven visual streams. Our results show that both pathways support the double flash illusion, while the presence of the fusion illusion depends on the activated pathway. The dorsal pathway, which has better temporal resolution, does not support fusion, while the ventral pathway which has worse temporal resolution shows fusion strongly., P. Kaposvári, A. Bognár, P. Csibri, G. Utassy, Gy. Sáry., and Obsahuje bibliografii
FYKOS [1] je zkratkou pro Fyzikální korespondenční seminář pořádaný převážně studenty MFF UK. Je to celoroční soutěž určená pro středoškoláky, kteří se zajímají o fyziku a příbuzné obory. Během roku řeší několik sérií úloh různého druhu, které v článku představujeme na konkrétních ukázkách příkladů., Dominika Kalasová, Karel Kolář., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
V únoru se v Praze konal další, již devátý ročník fyzikální soutěže FYKOSí Fyziklání. Týmy středoškoláků přijely z celé republiky, aby se účastnily oblíbené soutěže. Během tří hodin se soutěžící snažili vyřešit co nejvíce úloh za pomoci pouze vlastních vědomostí, matematicko-fyzikálních tabulek a kalkulačky. Nejúspěšnější týmy byly oceněny věcnými cenami. and Martina Nováková.
Both molecular and palaeoecological methods enable us to study past changes in plant distribution. The results of recent phylogeographical studies have demonstrated that Central Europe was not only at a crossroads of postglacial migration routes, but also an area where many species might have survived during glacial periods. and Tomáš Fér, Karol Marhold.