This is the name of a journal has been published since 2000 by the Gender & Sociology Department at the Institute of Sociology ASCR. During its first five years the journal was a quarterly publication assembled as part of a project titled Current Issues in the Formation of Equal Opportunity Policy in Connection with the Preparation of the Czech Republic for EU Accession and since 2005 it has been published biannually under the plan, Support for the Social Acceptance and Effective Promotion of Gender Equality in the Public Sphere. In 2006, Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research became a peer-reviewed journal. This change can be seen as a reflection of the fact that the field of gender studies has gradually established itself in the Czech Republic. and Zuzana Uhde.
Cold exposure of rats leads to ameliorated glucose and triglyceride utilization with fema les displaying better adaptation to a cold environment. In the current study, we used hairless rats as a model of increased thermo genesis and analyzed gender- related effects on parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Specifically, we compared hairless coisogenic SHR- Dsg4 males and females harboring mutant Dsg4 (desmoglein 4) gene versus their SHR wild type controls. Two way ANOVA showed significant Dsg4 genotype (hairless or wild type) x gender interaction effects on palmitate oxidation in brown adipose tissue (BAT), glucose incorporation into BAT determined by microPET, and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscles. In addition, we observed significant interaction effects on sensitivity of muscle tissue to insulin action when Dsg4 genotype affected these metabolic traits in males, but had little or no effects in females. Both wild type and hairless females and hairless males showed increased glucose incorporation and palmitate oxid ation in BAT and higher tissue insulin sensitivity when compared to wild type males. These findings provide evidence for gender-related differences in metabolic adaptation required for increased thermogenesis. They are consistent with the hypothesis that increased glucose and palmitate utilization in BAT and muscle is associated with higher sensitivity of adipose and muscle tissues to insulin action, J. Trnovská, J. Šilhavý, V. Zídek, M. Šimáková, P. Mlejnek, V. Landa, S. Eigner, K. Eigner Henke, V. Škop, O. Oliyarnyk, L. Kazdová, T. Mráček, J. Houštěk, M. Pravenec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A total genome scan and pharmacogenetic study were designed to search for genetic determinants of blood pressure (BP) as well as heart and kidney weights. Genome scanning was carried out in 266 F2 intercrosses from Prague hypertensive hypertriglyceridemic rats for phenotypes of organ weights, baseline BP, BP after blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by losartan, of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) by pentolinium, and of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Pharmacogenetic analysis showed that, in males, BP was controlled by two loci on chromosomes 1 and 5 (Chr1, Chr5) through the SNS, and these loci showed a positive contribution for relative kidney weight (KW/BW). On the other hand, baseline BP in females was controlled by two loci on Chr3 and Chr7. The effect of these loci was not mediated by the RAS, SNS or NO system. These loci did not show any effect for KW/BW. Negatively-linked loci for KW/BW and relative heart weight (HW/BW) were identified on Chr2 in both genders. Another negatively-linked locus for KW/BW, located on Chr8 in males, affected BP through the SNS. This locus on Chr8 overlapped with a previously-reported modifier locus for polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In conclusion, this pharmacogenetic study determined two loci for BP and relative organ mass implicating sympathetic overactivity. Concordance of the identified locus for KW/BW and BP through the SNS on Chr8 with the PKD locus revealed the importance of this region for renal complications in various diseases., T. Ueno, J. Tremblay, J. Kuneš, J. Zicha, Z. Dobešová, Z. Pausová, A. Y. Deng, Y. Sun, H. J. Jacob, P. Hamet., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In this article, the author describes sweeping changes in the gender system and ofers explanations for why change has been uneven. Because the devaluation of activities done by women has changed little, women have had strong incentive to enter male jobs, but men have had little incentive to take on female activities or jobs. he gender egalitarianism that gained traction was the notion that women should have access to upward mobility and to all areas of schooling and jobs. But persistent gender essentialism means that most people follow gender -typical paths except when upward mobility is impossible otherwise. Middle-class women entered managerial and professional jobs more than working -class women inte grated blue-collar jobs because the latter were able to move up while choosing a “female“ occupation; many mothers of middle-class women were already in the highest-status female occupations. he author also notes a number of gender-egalitarian trends that have stalled., Paula England., Poznámky, Přeloženo z angličtiny, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Abstrakt a klíčová slova anglicky
On October 14.-15, 2015 the Global Change Research Centre of the CAS organized an international conference within the project of FP7 - EGERA. The need for gender mainstreaming in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) is obvious, however in many STEM disciplines gender reflexion is in the very beginning. This is also the case of the climate and global change research where this complex interdisciplinary approach should also be aware of gender aspects. Conference speakers were international experts in gender in science and stakeholders of gender mainstreaming processes in the academia. and Hana Šprtová.
Explaining which circumstances, influences and phenomena enter into the gender of a text, the paper considers the conditions of its translatability. In the first part, examples of English -Czech translations of non -literary and literary texts are chosen for discussion. It is argued that even texts with a feminist potential, i.e. texts in whose themes and forms gender issues are highlighted as an apparent result of the author’s political intention or imaginative work, can lose this potential in the process of being translated into Czech. This is the case in the work of translators who are blind to gender manifestations in the text, and/or who suppress the gender of the translated text in accord with the cultural, textual, and language norms of the target (Czech) culture. In contrast with the quite frequent “gender blindness” of Czech translators, the article in its second part discusses the provocative concepts and approaches of Feminist Translation – a critical discourse and translation practice with its roots in the 1970s Québec. Though a few Czech translations are close to Feminist Translation, the main benefit of introducing it into the Czech milieu is to make the gender of a text an issue, and to work for its acknowledgement through small concrete steps., Eva Kalivodová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Many European states, including the Czech Republic, face a high default rate on child support payments. In combination with a high divorce rate and, in some states, ineffective law enforcement, this has become a dire problem and one that has gender repercussions. In an effort to solve this situation, almost half of the EU member states have adopted a system of state advances on child maintenance. The Czech Republic is not one of them. The article discusses why all three attempts to pass such a law have failed in the Czech Republic. Is there an alternative measure fulfilling this role? Have the proposed bills been deficient in some way? Or is something else obstructing the adoption of a bill? The authors argue that, while the proposed bills could be criticised for minor technical or conceptual imperfections, the parliamentary debates on these bills indicate a more deeply rooted opposition. Manifestations of three main positions are identified: economic liberalism, social conservatism, and gender stereotypes., Barbara Havelková, Kateřina Cidlinská., 1 tabulka, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé