The serf rolls (in German Mannschaftsbücher) were records of all hereditary serfs, which were annually compiled from the second half of the 17th century by the seigniorial offices in a number of Czech estates. They served to keep tabs on the serfs - recording their whereabouts and their fulfilment of obligations to the nobility. The records contained notes on the place of residence and changes in the life of the persons registered in them (e. g. if they left to enter into service or to become an apprentice, if they married or took over a piece of land, and when they died). Although one of the purposes of the serf rolls was to monitor the mobility of serfs, their usefulness for studying migration is limited. The rolls did not consistently record the whereabouts of people outside their place of residence, and people who were not serfs subordinate to the local manor were not recorded in the documentation. The study of migration using the serf rolls must therefore be narrowed to the question of how much of a role migration played in the formation of the age and gender structure of the population in specific localities. A study of four localities in Horní Police in 1710-1725 confirmed that people most often migrated at the age of 20-35 years. People of that age left home most often for the purpose of marriage. Typical for people over 35 years of age was the tendency to remain in one place, and typical for people over 50 years of age was their elimination from the records of the serf rolls, almost exclusively as a result of their death. Children up to the age of 15 tended to move with their parents.
The main heroes in this small study are the people who lived their lives mainly in the middle of the 17th century in small towns and villages in the region of Chýnov which lies in the southeast of Bohemia between Tábor and Pelhřimov. Their lives were filled with countless major events but one of the most important thing was certainly the birth of a child. The coming of every new human being was accompanied by a number of specific activities. Many of them were necessary, others useful and some of them were completely useless. One activity that was constantly a part of the first days of a new bom child’s life was baptism. Although at first glance it may appear that the register of child births is nothing but a long list of names of children, parents and godparents, this is incorrect. Birth registers also represent an important source of valuable information which can be used to estimate, among other things, the movements of people at that time over short distances within a limited geographic space and to observe the influence of various types of administrative units on their lives. The research focused on a territory with three parish churches that, in the middle of the 17th century were part of the Chýnov parish and its two chaplains. This regional complex, encompassing several estates, not only represents an area where people owned land and houses and remained almost immobile, but was also a landscape where for a number of reasons people moved from place to place. While it is clear that these shifts cannot be referred to as migrations, they nonetheless involved important moves motivated by economic, social or other reasons. The act of baptism and everything that it involved can also illustrate its influence, as well as the significance of natural conditions, territorial arrangements, the impact of urban locations on the rural environment and the complexity of Church administration during the period after the Battle of White Mountain.
The paper presents local changes of plumb line direction in the area of Inowrocław, central Poland. The changes were determined by geodetic (GPS, leveling) and gravimetric surveys. The presented conclusions point out that increasing resolution of a precise quasigeoid model in areas with variable distribution of rock mass is necessary. The final results of the paper are suggestions concerning a practical approach applied to obtain proper values of plumb line deflections that can be useful for further detail research for making more precise local models of the quasigeoid., Zbigniew Szczerbowski, Piotr Banasik and Jacek Kudrys., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In the contribution geological structure and geophysical data along the northern part of the Diendorf-Čebín tectonic zone (DCTZ) is analyzed in relation to the position of the measured GPS test areas and precise levelling profiles. For this purposes the former geophysical data have been reambulated and analyzed, too. Revision of geological knowledge and sources has been done in places of the proposed polygons. The results of reinterpretation of the Grav/Mag data and selected seismic reflection profiles suggest new possibilities and variety of structural interpretations of this tectonic zone. It is evident that the whole tectonic system has undergone complicated tectonic development during the Paleogene and Neogene. Therefore the recent mapping and analyses by GPS and precise levelling have to be realized in places where the geological structural ambiguity has to be eliminated., Lubomil Pospíšil, Otakar Švábenský, Josef Weigel and Michal Witiska., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The past five centuries of the Idrija Mercury Mine’s operation have had consequences on the environment, which have directly influenced the deformations developing in the wider exploration area. During the many years of mercury ore exploitation, the cross-stope mining method with backfilling from bottom to top was used. This has strongly transformed the stress-strain field in the surrounding rocks and caused long-term deformation processes that are still in progress. This is because the deformations have a small time gradient and thus bigger breaks or faster sliding terrain above old mine workings are not expected. The surface movements are bigger in the area built of Permian-Carboniferous, low-bearing-capacity rocks, which in the past was destroyed by major tectonic movements in the rock structure. Mine closure works, which included grouting and hardening of destroyed underground areas, as well as filling parts of the mine and backfilling empty spaces (i.e., mine roadways, blind shafts), are finished. The efficiency of mine shutdown works is constantly being verified by means of geotechnical and other measurements and observations, and will continue in the future., Jakob Likar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The research is focused on the feasibility analysis of a numerical model describing the field of strains generated by mining-induced subsidence caused by a deep underground coal extraction, which may contribute to the formation of Earth fissures. The finite elements method and Knothe’s theory were used in the research. The geomechanical modeling was applied for defining zones of strains and maximum horizontal deformations of the terrain. Knothe’s theory was employed for defining boundary conditions of the geomechanical model. The parameters of the empirical and geomechanical models were scaled out on the basis of geodetic surveys in the mining area. The results of geomechanical modeling were compared with the geodetic surveys to select the best model. The presented research confirmed high congruence between the results of modeling with the finite elements method and observations of vertical movements on the surface. The results of modeling also confirmed the assumed highest stress in areas where earth fissures were observed. The proposed solution may be a new research tool applicable to areas where earth fissures potentially occur. and Malinowska Agnieszka A., Misa Rafał, Tajduś Krzysztof.
We studied the geophysical, physical, and geomechanical parameters of the Podlesí granites in the western part of the Krušné hory Mts., near the village of Potůčky. The granites represent a fractionated intrusion within the Nejdecký Massif. In total, the studied borehole is about 300 m deep. The samples were collected at depths of between 35 and 105 metres. Seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities were measured using ultrasonic scanning. The samples were water-saturated, unsaturated, and dried. The ultrasonic scanning system consisted of four piezoelectric sensors and a digital oscilloscope recorder. The wave frequency was 1 MHz. P-wave velocities range from 4400 m.s-1 to 6500 m.s-1 while S-wave velocities range from 2800 m.s-1 to 3800 m.s-1. These data were used to calculate dynamic Young’s modulus, dynamic shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. The deformational characteristics of the rock were specified from experimental loading of the sample with uniaxial strain. The shear and longitudinal deformation of each sample was measured using a resistive strain gauge fixed directly on the sample. Intermittent loading of the samples proceeded using a uniform gradient of axial stress of 1 MPa.s-1. The samples were subjected to five separate loads. During the tests, following parameters were recorded: stress, longitudinal deformation, and shear deformation. These data were used to calculate static Young’s and shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio., Lucie Nováková, Karel Sosna, Milan Brož, Jan Najser and Petr Novák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A classification of dihedral folding tessellations of the sphere whose prototiles are a kite and an equilateral or isosceles triangle was obtained in recent four papers by Avelino and Santos (2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015). In this paper we extend this classification, presenting all dihedral folding tessellations of the sphere by kites and scalene triangles in which the shorter side of the kite is equal to the longest side of the triangle. Within two possible cases of adjacency, only one will be addressed. The combinatorial structure of each tiling is also analysed., Catarina P. Avelino, Altino F. Santos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The deformation measurements are performed for the purpose of obtaining information concerning ground movement and objects on the ground within given time intervals. For the purpose of improving conventional models of deformation analysis (CDA) it is desirable to use several different methods and also implement alternative proce dures as a further improvement, such as the concept of robust geodetic networks and strain analysis, aimed at obtaining objective information about the movements. In the present paper, in addition to the CDA methods, we also analyze the robust methods in deformation detecting and the method of the strain analysis based on elasticity theory as a supplement to the conventional geometric deformation methods (CDA). The mentioned methods are applied and analysed for the case of a test example of Fruška Gora in Serbia, for which there exist geological and geophysical studies of recent tectonic movements. The measuring results for two measuring epochs concern the GNSS vectors measured by applying the fast static method within closed polygons over a ten-year interval, where only the horizontal movement component is analysed. The efficiency of the applied CDA and robust methods is measured by applying a mean success rate (MSR) by applying Monte Carlo simulations in order to investigate the efficiency of a given methods for a given control network., Zoran Sušić, Mehmed Batilović, Toša Ninkov, Vladimir Bulatović, Ivan Aleksić and Gojko Nikolić., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy