A refined triple-frequency cycle slip detection and repair algorithm for GPS/BDS undifferenced observables under high ionospheric disturbances is proposed. In this method, three linearindependent optimal observables combinations for GPS/BDS are selected. The residual ionospheric delay estimated from a "calculation-prediction mechanism", namely flexibly determine whether to calculate delay by observables themselves or to predict delay by a feedforward neural network (FNN), is used to compensate for the detection values. Additionally, we devise an adaptive detection threshold based on actual noise level to detect the cycle slip, and adopt the modified least-square decorrelation adjustment (MLAMBDA) to fix integer cycle slip. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested with observables at 30 s sampling rate in a 2-day geomagnetic storm period. Results showed that the proposed algorithm can detect and repair all kinds of cycle slips as small as one cycle in the case of high ionospheric disturbances. No false repairs are generated despite the occurrence of very few misjudgments., Nijia Qian, Jingxiang Gao, Zengke Li, Fangchao Li and Chen Pan., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This article looks at the status attainment process of young Hungarian graduates, devoting special attention to the impact of social origin, defined as the education and occupation of parents. The authors' estimates show that graduates from high status families enjoy notable advantages in the labour market, even when type of education, field of study, and a range of labour market experience factors are held constant. The greatest wage-premium for coming from a 'good' family is measured for men, occurring four-to-five years after graduation. Patterns of status inheritance are found to be gender-dependent, with women being more influenced by their social background at earlier phases of their careers. The authors argue that the substantial growth in the number of graduates and the increasing variety of jobs they occupy contribute to a social-selection process, moving further up from the educational ladder to the labour market. The authors describe possible mechanisms driving the direct inheritance of social advantages, but further research is needed to explore them in detail.
Velmi podobný světu, jaký Abbott popisuje ve své Ploché zemi, grafén je dvojrozměrný objekt. A jako Plochý svět je "romancí o mnoha rozměrech", je grafén mnohem víc než jen plochý krystal. Má mnoho neobvyklých vlastností, které jsou často jedinečné či nadřazené vlastnostem jiných materiálů. V této krátké přednášce bych rád vysvětlil příčinu své (a nejen své) fascinace tímto materiálem a pozval čtenáře, aby se se mnou podělil o trochu vzrušení, které jsem při zkoumání grafénu prožíval., Konstantin S. Novoselov., and Obsahuje seznam literatury