Shrnujeme a do širšího kontextu zasazujeme výsledky [1] dosažené při pokusech o vytvoření unikátního stavu horké husté hmoty objemovým izochorickým ohřevem hliníku, pro účely modelování systémů soustav významných při studiu astrofyzikálního a fúzního plazmatu. S použitím fokusovaného svazku rentgenového laseru s volnými elektrony LCLS (Linac Coeherent Light Source) v Menlo Parku v Kaliformii byla v tomto směru získána unikátní experimentální data., Tomáš Burian., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Distinguished personalities presented guest lectures and led lively discussions with students and the public at CERGE-El (Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute) during May and June. Alan Krueger. Chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisors and the Bendheim Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at Princeton University lectured on Reasons for Confidence in the U.S. Economy. Christopher Sims, the 2011 Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics (together with Thomas Sargant) gave a lecture on Current Macroeconomics and Reality, in which they discussed the current economic crisis and its impact on academic economy. Harvard Professor Philippe Alto discussed two of his recent papers, Cyclical Fiscal Policy, Credit Constraints and Industry Growth and Monetary Policy Liquidity and Growth. and Jan Straka.
Představujeme dvě teoretické úlohy z posledních šesti mezinárodních fyzikálních olympiád, jejichž společným jmenovatelem jsou velmi jednoduché modely hvězd. První úloha popisuje vznik protohvězdy. Ve druhé úloze už soutěžící odhadují různé parametry hvězdy v rovnováze., Jan Kříž, Ivo Volf, Bohumil Vybíral., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A. schneideri and A. grossulariae clones from southern Poland produced fertile hybrid eggs under experimental conditions. Established hybrid clones expressed normal parthenogenetic reproduction but bisexual generations were not obtained, though a few sexuales developed in some cases. Morphological features of A. schneideri and host-specificity of A. grossulariae tended to dominate in the majority of hybrid clones. Independent inheritance of the studied morphological characters and host specificity can therefore be presumed.
Present results do not exclude the possibility of natural hybridisation of studied aphid species. Natural crosses might cause taxonomic and currant pest management problems., Rimantas Rakauskas, and Lit
In plants, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signalling molecule that facilitates various biochemical and physiological processes. H2O2 is a versatile molecule, involved in several cellular processes both under stress and stress-free conditions. In regulating plant metabolism under stress conditions, exogenous application of H2O2 also plays a pivotal role which is manifested in improved growth, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant protection. Abiotic stress is an inevitable environmental factor that extensively affects and reduces growth, quality, yield, and productivity of plants. Several signalling pathways involved in H2O2-mediated stress and defense responses have been extensively studied and there is ample scope of additional research that could further clarify the mechanism and modulating factors which regulate these pathways. An attempt has been made to dissect the role of H2O2 under low temperature stress and how it affects plant growth and development, photosynthetic capacity, regulation of antioxidant system, and signalling., T. A. Khan, M. Yusuf, Q. Fariduddin., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Hypoxic exposure triggers a generation of reactive oxygen species that initiate free radical damage to the lung. Hydrogen peroxide is the product of alveolar macrophages detectable in the expired breath. We evaluated the significance of breath H2O2 concentration for the assessment of lung damage after hypoxic exposure and during posthypoxic period. Adult male rats were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10 % O2) for 3 hours or 5 days. Immediately after the hypoxic exposure and then after 7 days or 14 days of air breathing, H2O2 was determined in the breath condensate and in isolated lung macrophages. Lipid peroxidation was measured in lung homogenates. Three-hour hypoxia did not cause immediate increase in the breath H2O2; 5-day hypoxia increased breath H2O2 level to 458 %. After 7 days of subsequent air breathing H2O2 was elevated in both groups exposed to hypoxia. Increased production of H2O2 by macrophages was observed after 5 days of hypoxia and during the 7 days of subsequent air breathing. Lipid peroxidation increased in the periods of enhanced H2O2 generation by macrophages. As the major increase (1040 %) in the breath H2O2 concentration found 7 days after 3 hours of hypoxia was not accompanied by lipid peroxidation, it can be concluded that the breath H2O2 is not a reliable indicator of lung oxidative damage., J. Wilhelm, M. Vaňková, H. Maxová, A. Šišková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The two stage co-pyrolysis method for obtaining of hydrogen is described. In the course of the heating of the mixture of bituminous coal with polyisoprene and styrene-butadiene polymers (co-pyrolysis), a considerable amount of hydrogen and hydrocarbons is released in dependence on the process conditions. The experiments proved that the amount of hydrogen increased already with slightly increased heating rate (5 K min-1 ) in comparison with the amount obtained at a common heating rate (3 K min-1) and, further, with the addition of the second (cracking) stage for further thermal splitting of release d hydrocarbons into hydrogen (and carbon), preferably at a temperature of 1200 ºC., Pavel Straka and Vlastimil Kříž., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy