As a novel gasotrans mitter, h ydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has vasodilating and antihypertensive effects in cardiovascular system. Thus, we hypothesized that H 2 S might have beneficial effects on thoracic endothelial function in two -kidney one -clip (2K1C) rats, a model of renovascular hypertension. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS , 56 μmol/kg /day ) was administrated intra - peritoneally from the third day after the 2K1C operation. Along with the development of hypertension, t he systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured before the operation and each week thereafter. The oxidative stress wa s determined by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and protein expression of oxidative stress -related proteins (AT 1 R, NADPH oxidase subunits). Acetylcholine (ACh) -induced vasorelaxation and angiotensin I I (Ang II) -induced vasocontraction were performed on isolated thoracic aorta. The SBP w as significantly increased from the first week after operation , and was lowered by NaHS. NaHS supplementation ameliorated endothelial dysfunction. The protein expression of oxidative stress -related proteins were downregulated, while SOD activity upregulated. In conclusion, improvement of endothelial function is involved in the antihypertensive mechanism of H 2 S. The protective effect of H 2 S is attributable to suppression o f vascular oxidative stress that involves inhibition of Ang II -AT 1 R action, downregulation of oxidases, as well as upregulation of antioxidant enzyme., H. Xue, S. Zhou, L. Xiao, Q. Guo, S. Liu, Y. Wu., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Předkládaný článek se soustředí na klíčové období výstavby vodních infrastruktur v Československu, kterým jsou bezpochyby padesátá léta minulého století. Tehdejší masivní výstavba víceúčelových vodních děl, zejména přehradních nádrží a elektráren, ale i vodovodů, probíhající v kontextu socialistické industrializace, položila základy stávajícího státního vodohospodářského systému. V jejím čele stála skupina vodohospodářských odborníků (takzvaných hydrokratů), která se formovala již od dvacátých let. Tito experti zastávali ideály modernistické vodohospodářské mise, směřující k racionalizaci a depolitizaci hospodaření s vodou a spatřující v plném ovládnutí povrchového odtoku základní předpoklad budoucí prosperity státu i obyvatelstva. Období stalinismu podle autora přineslo ideální podmínky k naplnění těchto vizí (zestátnění vodních staveb a zdrojů, centralizace správy i investiční činnosti, ideje přeměny přírody), zároveň byl ale tradiční hydrokratický projekt kompromitován produktivistickými imperativy, což nakonec vedlo k opuštění holistických idejí vyjádřených ve Státním vodohospodářském plánu na roky 1949 až 1953 a jednoznačné soustředění na akumulaci vody pro potřeby průmyslu a energetiky. Od roku 1956 pak v reakci na rostoucí znečištění životního prostředí vznikaly tlaky směřující k přehodnocení stávající vodohospodářské politiky, což v důsledku znamenalo také postupnou korozi idejí vodohospodářské mise., The article focuses on the unquestionably most important period of construction of hydraulic infrastructures in Czechoslovakia, i.e. the 1950s. The massive construction of multi-purpose hydraulic structures, in particular dams and power plants, but also water mains, which was at that time taking place in the context of socialist industrialization, laid the foudnations of the existing national water management system. It was led by a group of water management experts, so-called hydrocrats, which had been forming up since the 1920s. These experts were advocates of ideas of a modernistic water management mission aiming to rationalize and depoliticize water managementand seeing full control of surface runoff as an essential prerequisite of the future prosperity of the state and its population. According to the author, the era of Stalinism brought ideal conditions for the fulfillment of these visions (nationalization of hydraulic structures and water resources, centralization of administration and investment activities, nature transformation ideas); at the same time, however, the traditional hydrocratic project was compromised by imperatives of productivism, which fact ultimately led to the abandonment of holistic ideas formulated in the 1949-1953 National Water Management Plan and a definite concentration on accumulation of water to satisfy needs of the industry and power engineering. Since 1956, there were pressures reacting to increasing environmental pollution levels and calling for a reassessment of the existing water management policy; as a consequence, the ideas of the water management mission were gradually corroding as well., Jiří Janáč., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Strahovská knihovna Královské kanonie premonstrátů Praha CZ S XII c 38, Národní knihovna ČR Praha CZ 50 F 88, Knihovna Akademie věd ČR Praha CZ fotokopie 842-852, Prediger-Seminar Wittenberg DE 4° SW 323 adl. 18, and BCBT31044
Strahovská knihovna Královské kanonie premonstrátů Praha CZ AA XIV 9 adl. 28, Národní knihovna ČR Praha CZ 65 E 2196, Národní knihovna ČR Praha CZ 52 C 15 adl. 25, and BCBT37300
Hyperandrogenic states in pregnancy are almost always the result of a condition that arises during pregnancy. The onset of virilization symptoms is often very fast. The mother is protected against hyperandrogenism by a high level of SHBG, by placental aromatase and a high level of progesterone. The fetus is protected from the mother’s hyperandrogenism partly by the placental aromatase, that transforms the androgens into estrogens, and partly by SHGB. Nevertheless there is a significant ri sk of virilization of the female fetus if the mother’s hyperandrogenic state is serious. The most frequent cause of hyperandrogenic states during pregnancy are pregnancy luteoma and hyperreactio luteinalis. Hormonal production is evident in a third of all luteomas, which corresponds to virilization in 25-35 % of mothers with luteoma. The female fetus is afflicted with virilization with two thirds of virilized mothers. Hyperreactio luteinalis is created in connection with a high level of hCG, e.g. during multi-fetus pregnancies. This condition most frequently arises in the third trimester, virilization of the mother occurs in a third of cases. Virilization of the fetus has not yet been described. The most serious cause of hyperandrogenism is represented by ovarian tumors, which are fortunately rare., N. Kaňová, M. Bičíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
There is evidence that a higher serum level of bilirubin (BIL) may be a protective factor for autoimmune diseases. We examined the effect of BIL supplementation in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) where oxidative stress, inflammation and inadequate immune response are present. Male Lewis rats were randomized into groups: CO - control, AIA - untreated adjuvant-induced arthritis, AIA-BIL - adjuvant-induced arthritis administrated BIL (200 mg/kg b.w. daily i.p. during 14 days). Change of hind paw volume in the AIA-BIL group in comparison to the AIA group was significantly decreased after BIL administration. In CO and AIA groups we found almost untraceable levels of BIL. In the AIA-BIL group hyperbilirubinemia was observed. BIL administration significantly decreased plasma levels of C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin in the AIA-BIL group in comparison to the AIA group. The values of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly decreased in AIA-BIL after BIL supplementation. Organs like spleen and thymus had a lower weight in AIA-BIL than in AIA. Histological findings showed decreased or even absent damage in hind paw joint of AIA-BIL animals. We observed an immunomodulatory effect of BIL on AIA development, which may also have a novel pharmacological impact., K. Bauerova, F. Drafi, V. Kuncirova, S. Ponist, D. Mihalova, P. Babal, T. Sykora., and Obsahuje bibliografii