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6542. Iron and fire: the vehicles of memory in fifteenth-century Bohemia
- Creator:
- Haberkern, Phillip
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Filozofie, 15. století, husitská teologie, utrakvistická teologie, hussite theology, Utraquist theology, Česko, Czechia, 5, and 101
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Phillip Haberkern. and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6543. Irradiance dependence and action spectra of photosynthesis. I. Theoretical consideration
- Creator:
- Maslenkova, L.T., Pencheva, B.R., and Zeinalov, Yu.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Analysis of the photosynthetic irradiance curves (IC), and action and quantum efficiency spectra on the basis of the model of Kok ei al. (1970) showed that under a low irradiance all ÍC, irrespective of sample absorbances, had non-linear (exponential) parts. Under a high irradiance, the IC (especially those of higher situated sublayers) showed "saturation", which was expressed as a decrease in the dechne of the curves. The IC non-linearity was reflected in the shape of the photosynthetic action spectra (AS). Under a low irradiance, the AS showed a decrease (drop) in the spectral regions with low absorbances, i.e. between 500 and 650 nm, as well as above 690 nm (Emerson s "red drop effect"). On the contrary, under higher irradiances an increase in quantum esfficiency (QE) in the same regions was well-expressed. When IC were non-linear, exact estimation of the photosynthetic AS and QE was much complicated and respective results should be accepted with a fair approach to accuracy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6544. Is A163G polymorphism in the osteoprotegerin gene associated with heel velocity of sound in postmenopausal women?
- Creator:
- Kateřina Zajíčková, Adéla Zemanová, Martin Hill, and Ivana Žofková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, endokrinologie, polymorfismus, menopauza, endocrinology, polymorphism, menopause, osteoprotegerin gene, velocity of sound (VOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays an important inhibitory role in osteoclastogenesis. Polymorphisms in the OPG gene recently have been associated with various bone phenotypes including fractures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between three informative OPG polymorphisms and quantitative ultrasound variables of the heel. In a cohort of 165 perimenopausal women polymorphisms in the OPG promoter (A163G, T245G) and in exon 1 (G1181C) were assessed by PCR-RFLP analysis. The distribution of the investigated genotypes was similar to other Caucasian women (A163G-AA 68 %, AG 30 %, GG 2 %, T245G-TT 84.4 %, TG 15 %, GG 0.6 %, G1181C-GG 22 %, CG 55 %, CC 23 %). After adjustment for body mass index and years since menopause, in a subgroup of 87 postmenopausal subjects, calcaneal velocity of sound (VOS, m/s) was significantly associated with A163G polymorphism (p=0.0102, ANCOVA). Women with the presence of G allele (AG+GG genotypes) had significantly lower VOS than women with AA genotype. Neither T245G nor G1181C were associated with calcaneal ultrasound indices. In conclusion, A163G polymorphism was significantly associated with VOS at the heel in a limited cohort of postmenopausal women. The present study replicated in part the previous findings about OPG gene variations and peripheral bone mass in Caucasian women., K. Zajíčková, A. Zemanová, M. Hill, I. Žofková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6545. Is consultation everything? The influence of interest groups on parliamentary working bodies in Slovenia
- Creator:
- Fink-Hafner, Danica and Krasovec, Alenka
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6546. Is ionized oxygen negatively or positively charged more effective for carboxyhemoglobin reduction compare to medical oxygen at atmospheric pressure?
- Creator:
- Slavomír Perečinský, Ivan Kron, Ivo Engler, Murínová, L., Viliam Donič, Marian Varga, Marossy, A., and Ľubomír Legáth
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypoxie, kuřáci, hypoxia, smokers, ionized oxygen, negatively ionized O2, positively ionized O2, ionized oxygen therapy (IO2Th/Engler), CO, COHb, chronic hypoxia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Carbon monoxide (CO) reversibly binds to hemoglobin forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). CO competes with O 2 for binding place in hemoglobin leading to tissue hypoxia. Already 30 % saturation of COHb can be deadly. Medical oxygen at atmospheric pressure as a therapy is not enough effective. Therefore hyperbaric oxygen O 2 inhalation is recommended. There was a question if partially ionized oxygen can be a better treatment at atmospheric pressure. In present study we evaluated effect of partially ionized oxygen produced by device Oxygen Ion 3000 by Dr. Engler in elimination of COHb in vitro experiments and in smokers. Diluted blood with different content of CO was purged with 5 l /min of either medicinal oxygen O 2 , negatively ionized O 2 or positively ionized O 2 for 15 min , then the COHb content was checked. In vivo study, 15 smokers inhaled o f either medicinal oxygen O 2 or negatively ionized O 2 , than we compared CO levels in expired air before and after inhalation. In both studies we found the highest elimination of CO when we used negatively ionized O 2 . These results confirmed the benefit of short inhalation of negatively ionized O 2 , in frame of Ionized Oxygen Therapy (IO 2 Th/Engler) which could be used in smokers for decreasing of COHb in blood., S. Perečinský, I. Kron, I. Engler, L. Murínová, V. Donič, M. Varga, A. Marossy, Ľ. Legáth., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6547. Is maternal progesterone actually independent of the fetal steroids?
- Creator:
- Martin Hill, Antonín Pařízek, Jan Evangelista Jirásek, Marie Jirkovská, Velíková, M., Michaela Dušková, Klímková, M., Andrea Pašková, Zdeněk Žižka, Alexandra Moravská, Michal Koucký, Marta Kalousová, and Luboslav Stárka
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, steroidy, progesteron, práce, steroids, progesterone, labor, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, plasma, metabolome, GC-MS, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_Progesterone and estradiol are the foremost steroid hormones in human pregnancy. However, the origin of maternal progesterone has still not been satisfactorily explained, despite the generally accepted opinion that maternal LDL-cholesterol is a single substrate for placental synthesis of maternal progesterone. The question remains why the levels of progesterone are substantially higher in fetal as opposed to maternal blood. Hence, the role of the fetal zone of fetal adrenal (FZFA) in the synthesis of progesterone precursors was addressed. The FZFA may be directly regulated by placental CRH inducing an excessive production of sulfated 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroids such as sulfates of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) and pregnenolone (PregS). Due to their excellent solubility in plasma these conjugates are easily transported in excessive amounts to the placenta for further conversion to the sex hormones. While the significance of C19 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroid sulfates originating in FZFA for placental estrogen formation is mostly recognized, the question “Which maternal and/or fetal functions may be served by excessive production of PregS in the FZFA?“ - still remains open. Our hypothesis is that, besides the necessity to synthesize de novo all the maternal progesterone from cholesterol, it may be more convenient to utilize the fetal PregS. The activities of sulfatase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) are substantially higher than the activity of cytochrome P450scc, which is rate-limiting for the placental progesterone synthesis from LDL-cholesterol. However, as in the case of progesterone synthesis from maternal LDL-cholesterol, the relative independence of progesterone levels on FZFA activity may be a consequence of substrate saturation of enzymes converting PregS to progesterone., a2_Some of the literature along with our current data (showing no correlation between fetal and maternal progesterone but significant partial correlations between fetal and maternal 20α-dihydroprogesterone (Prog20α) and between Prog20α and progesterone within the maternal blood) indicate that the localization of individual types of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is responsible for a higher proportion of estrone and progesterone in the fetus, but also a higher proportion of estradiol and Prog20α in maternal blood. Type 2 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD2), which oxidizes estradiol to estrone and Prog20α to progesterone, is highly expressed in placental endothelial cells lining the fetal compartment. Alternatively, syncytium, which is directly in contact with maternal blood, produces high amounts of estradiol and Prog20α due to the effects of type 1, 5 and 7 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17HSD1, 17HSD5, and 17HSD7, respectively). The proposed mechanisms may serve the following functions: 1) providing substances which may influence the placental production of progesterone and synthesis of neuroprotective steroids in the fetus; and 2) creating hormonal milieu enabling control of the onset of labor., M. Hill ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6548. Is NO the king? Pathophysiological benefit with uncertain clinical impact
- Creator:
- Fedor Šimko
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, oxid dusnatý, fyziologie, nitric oxide, physiology, NO donor, cardiovascular mortality, clinical trial, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- NO is the “hero” molecule of the last few decades. It is a ubiquitous and omnipotent radical with both hemodynamic and antiproliferative effects within the cardiovascular system. NO is an important counterregulatory factor for vasoconstrictors and growth promoting substances. Endothelial dysfunction with decreased NO production is related to many cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure and hypertension. Despite the important role of NO within the circulation, there is only limited evidence in the form of large clinical trials that NO delivery can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Thus, NO donors are not in the first line therapy in ischemic heart disease, heart failure or arterial hypertension and NO delivery is recommended only in particular clinical situations, when a well established treatment is contraindicated or has an insufficient effect. It is concluded that the insufficient NO production is the principal disorder in endothelial dysfunction, which is related to cardiovascular pathology with deteriorated prognosis, but the impact of therapeutically increased NO bioactivity on the morbidity and mortality is inferior to well established treatment with ACE-inhibitors, AT1 receptor blockers, beta-blockers, statins and certain antihypertensive drugs. There is little doubt that NO is king in the circulation, but kings seldom decide the battles., Fedor Šimko., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6549. Is severe pulmonary hypertension a contraindication for orthotopic heart transplantation? Not any more
- Creator:
- Jiří Kettner, Zora Dorazilová, Ivan Netuka, Malý, J., Hikmet Al-Hiti, Vojtěch Melenovský, Ivo Skalský, Hynek Říha, Ivan Málek, Josef Kautzner, and Jan Pirk
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, plicní hypertenze, hemodynamika, pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamics, heart transplant candidacy, ventricular assist devices, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Pulmonary hypertension (PH) unresponsive to pharmacological intervention is considered a contraindication for orthotopic heart transplantation (OHTX) due to risk of postoperative right-heart failure. In this prospective study, we describe our experience with a treatment strategy of improving severe PH in heart transplant candidates by means of ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation and subs equent OHTX. In 11 heart transplantation candidates with severe PH unresponsive to pharmacological intervention we implanted VAD with the aim of achieving PH to values acceptable for OHTX. In all patients we observed significant drop in pulmonary pr essures, PVR and TPG (p<0.001 for all) 3 months after VAD implantation to values sufficient to allow OHTX. Seven patients underwent transplantation (mean duration of support 216 days) while none of patients suffered right-side heart failure in postoperative period. Two patients died after transplantation and five patients are living in very good condition with a mean duration of 286 days after OHTX. In our opinion, severe PH is not a contraindication for orthotopic heart transplantation any more., J. Kettner ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6550. Is the amount of coronary perivascular fat related to atherosclerosis?
- Creator:
- Ivana K. Lesná, Zbyněk Tonar, Ivan Málek, Jana Malušková, Lukáš Nedorost, Jan Pirk, Jan Piťha, Věra Lánská, and Rudolf Poledne
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, věnčité tepny, ateroskleróza, coronary arteries, atherosclerosis, perivascular fat, macrophages, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Interesting and stimulating data about the effect of the perivascular adipose tissue size on atherogenesis are based mainly on CT findings. We studied this topic by directly analyzing perivascular adipose tissue in explanted hearts from patients undergoing transplantation. Ninety -six consecutive patients were included, including 58 with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) and 38 with dilation cardiomyo pathy (DCMP). The area of perivascular fat, area of the coronary artery wall, and ratio of CD68 -positive macrophages within the perivascular fat and within the vascular wall were quantified by immunohistochemistry. There was no significant difference in th e perivascular adipose tissue size between the two groups. Nevertheless, there was a significantly higher number of macrophages in the coronary arterial wall of CHD patients. In addition, we found a close relationship between the ratio of macrophages in th e arterial wall and adjacent perivascular adipose tissue in the CHD group, but not in the DCMP group . According to our data interaction between macrophages in the arterial wall and macrophages in surrounding adipose tissue could be more important mechanism of atherogenesis than the size of this tissue itself., I. Kralova Lesna, Z. Tonar, I. Malek, J. Maluskova, L. Nedorost, J. Pirk, J. Pitha, V. Lanska, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public