Článek podává přehled o vývoji a aplikacích pevnolátkových laserů na Fakultě jaderné a fyzikálně inženýrské ČVUT. První rubínový laser na světě byl spuštěn do provozu v květnu 1960 a na FTJF (FJFI) v roce 1964. Postupně byly navrženy a zkonstruovány lasery s aktivními materiály Nd:sklo, Nd:YAG, Nd:YAP a další. Vyvinuté lasery byly použity v průmyslových aplikacích, v laserových družicových radarech v měření znečištění ovzduší a v mnoha oborech medicíny. Dosažené výsledky jsou celosvětově uznávány., This article presents a survey of development and applications the solid state lasers at the Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering the Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU). The first ruby laser in the world was put into operation in May 1960 and at FJFI in 1964. Stepwise, lasers with active materials such as Nd:glass, Nd:YAG, Nd:YAP and others were designed and constructed. Developed lasers were used in industrial applications, in laser satellite radars, in measuring pollution of the air and in many domains of medicine. Achieved results are worldwidely recognized., Antonín Novotný, Helena Jelínková, Václav Kubeček, Miroslav Čech, Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Light is not only a subject of measurement but can be a very useful tool for measuring. It plays a dominant role in the measurement of dimensional quantities. Coherent light from a highly stable laser source is represented by a precise wavelength which can be seen as an elementary etalon of length. Metrology of length is in fact metrology of optical frequencies and a broad family of interferometric techniques converting a precise wavelength into the measurement of real objects. The precision (stability) of the best optical oscillators are now close to overcoming the stability of an atomic clock. This, with help of femtosecond optical frequency synthesis, will most likely lead to unification of standards of time and length into one precise laser, called an optical clock. and Josef Lazar a kolektiv oddělení koherenční optiky.
a1_The pastoral opera L’Amor non ha legge (premiered in Jaroměřice, 1728) was composed by the vicekapellmeister Antonio Caldara, based on libretto by Domenico Bonlini. It is the first attested dramatic musical composition written at the direct order of Count Johann Adam Questenberg (1678-1752), a connoisseur of music, skilled lute player, an occasional composer, and - above all - a passionate promoter of the Italian opera seria. The present article concerns with the generic examination of the plot of opera seria, with regard to its superior genre, favola pastorale. In L’Amor non ha legge, living in harmony with the Nature gains general appraisal, the Idyllic merry-making in the countryside being sharply contrasted with life in the city and at the (imperial) court. As a result, the main character, young aristocrat, having become enamoured with a shepherdess, leaves for the country where he is allowed to repose and forget the hustle and bustle of the city, as well as its corruptness. These characteristics seem to be fitting the personality of Count Questenberg himself, who sought a refuge from the city to his castle of Jaroměřice, set in the rural region of Southern Moravia. As Bonlini states in his introductory argomento, the aim of the opera is, primarily, to celebrate simple, undemanding Love. Not coincidentally, both meanings of the word ’Amor’ are made use of in the libretto; the abstract ’Love’, as well as the personified name of the God of Love - Amor. Love verses and lovely affections are abundant in the language and the plot of the opera; what Bonlini is most concerned with, especially in the arias, is to depict as many aspects of Love, hence the affects, as possible: constant love, love suffering, requited love, noble love, miserable love, vain love, martyred love, jealous love, despising love, even paternal love., a2_The message of the opera L’Amor non ha legge, therefore, is the imperative of symbiosis between Man and the Laws of Nature; the Law of Love, superior even to the obstacles of social inequality, should - according to Bonlini - always be in accordance with the Reason. Favorizing the pastoral environment over the court and city, in particular, can be read as a laud of the castle of Jaroměřice, which the Count was justly proud of, and which he identified with considerably., Jana Perutková., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The aim of the present study is to trace an interpretation of Rousseau’s novel Julie ou la Nouvelle Heloise on the basis of the difference between love and friendship. Starting with a brief reminder of Paul de Man’s interpretation of this novel in Allegories of Reading, the author turns to Jacques Derrida and borrows a key neologism from his book The Politics of Friendship: aimance or lovence, an affective modality which blurs and transcends the duality of love and friendship. On this basis, the author presents a few remarks concerning the literary form of the novel, the configuration of its characters and finally the place of Rousseau’s Julie in the context of his other works. Rather than being an isolated literary work, Julie seems to be an attempt to answer certain questions concerning the relation between individual and society from a different angle than that chosen in The Social Contract., Etienne Balibar ; překlad Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy