Feochromocytom se může projevit různými příznaky, symptomy na podkladě setrvalého nebo paroxyzmálního uvolňování katecholaminů. Arteriální hypertenze může být trvalá nebo záchvatovitá a palpitace jsou většinou projevem sinusové tachykardie. V některých případech, dokonce jako první projev feochromocytomu, se mohou vyskytnout závažné kardiovaskulární komplikace, jako je hypertenzní emergentní situace, ischemie myokardu, kardiomyopatie a srdeční selhání, multisystémová krize nebo šok. Vylučování katecholaminů může být doprovázeno i arytmiemi – tachykardiemi (supraventrikulárními a komorovými) a méně často i bradykardiemi (AV blokem nebo junkčními). Vliv katecholaminů není omezen jen na myokard, ale může také vést k postižení centrální nervové soustavy, jako je tranzientní ischemická ataka nebo cévní mozková příhoda. Protože většina z těchto komplikací může být i život ohrožující, jedinou prevencí je včasná diagnóza a správná léčba, především ve specializovaných centrech., Pheochromocytoma may present with various clinical signs, symptoms due to continuous and/or paroxysmal release of catecholamines. Arterial hypertension may be sustained and/or paroxysmal and palpitations are mainly due to sinus tachycardia. In some cases, even as the first manifestation of pheochromocytoma, may occur severe cardiovascular complications such as hypertensive emergency, myocardial ischemia, cardiomyopathy and heart failure, multisystem crisis or shock. Catecholamine release may be also associated with arrhythmias – tachycardias (supraventricular or ventricular) or less frequently bradycardias (AV blocks and junctional). The effect of catecholamines is not restricted to myocardium, but may also lead to cerebrovascular impairment such as transient ischemic attack or stroke. As many of these complications may be life-threatening, the only prevention is early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and proper treatment, in particular in specialized centers., and Tomáš Zelinka, Jiří Widimský Jr
Incidence karcinomu endometria ve věkové skupině žen mladších 40 let narůstá, a proto roste i zájem o fertilitu šetřící léčbu. Nejčastěji používaná konzervativní léčba progestiny může být zvážena u pečlivě selektovaných pacientek s grade 1, stage IA karcinomem endometria bez myometriální invaze, které si přejí zachovat reprodukční funkce, a jsou ochotny podstoupit intenzivní léčbu a sledování a také určité riziko chirurgicky nestážovaného onemocnění. Před léčbou je potřeba co nejpřesněji zhodnotit biologický charakter a rozsah onemocnění. Hormonální terapie je aplikována obvykle 6 měsíců. Response rate se pohybuje přibližně v hodnotách 60–80 %, recurrence rate 25–40 %. Live birth rate je uváděn okolo 30 %. Je potřeba informovat pacientky o reálné možnosti recidivy, obvykle dobře léčitelné, i o výhodě použít metody asistované reprodukce, o potřebě intenzivního follow-up a doporučení definitivní léčby po dokončení reprodukčních plánů., The diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma in young women of childbearing age is rare, but the incidence in growing. Fertility-preserving therapy of endometrial carcinoma could be considered in patients with a histological diagnosis of grade 1 stage IA endometrial carcinoma without myometrial invasion who wish to preserve their fertility, are willing to accept intensive treatment, close follow-up and risk of unstaged disease. Conservative treatment is based on 6 months medical treatment with high-dose oral progestins. Response rate is referred between 60 and 80 %, recurrence rate 25–40 %; live birth rate around 30 %. Patients should be informed about real risk of recurrence and the need of future hysterectomy., and Pavla Svobodová
The cixiid planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret is an efficient vector of the stolbur phytoplasma, the cause of various crop diseases. In the field, this monovoltine species feeds on a wide variety of woody and herbaceous plants. It overwinters as larvae on the roots of its host plants. During this study, we collected adults mainly from lavender (Lavendula angustifolia Miller), bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L. and C. sepium L.), hoary cress (Cardaria draba L.), and occasionally from plantain (Plantago cynops L.), toadflax (Linaria striata L.), bedstraw (Galium verum L.), and mountain savory (Satureia montana L.). Fertility of field collected females from sites at two different elevations differed significantly. Fertility at 300 m (50.6 eggs per female; N = 28) was more than twice that at 900 m (22.8 eggs per female; N = 19). Only one specimen of the species was found to be parasitized by an undetermined species of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera). H. obsoletus was reared in controlled conditions on lavender. Unlike in the field, larvae developed in the laboratory at the base of the host plant and on basal shoots. Egg incubation averaged 7 ± 1.2 weeks (N = 10). Total development time from egg to adult averaged 27 ± 4 weeks (N = 5) on lavender. A morphological description of the five instars is provided. The study was supplemented by scanning electron microscopy. Particular attention was paid to the structure of the wax-plates and the absence of compound eyes in the early larval stages., René Sforza, Thierry Bourgoin, Stephen W. Wilson, Elisabeth Boudon-Padieu, and Lit
INTRODUCTION: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) became standard of care for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) under the age of 65 years. We routinely perform ASCT for newly diagnosed MM since 1996 in our department. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all 285 transplants in 185 patients done for MM from January 1996 till December 2010. We analyzed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) regarding conditioning, stage, complete or very good partial remission (CR, VGPR) achievement, renal impairment, single vs. double transplant. RESULTS: Estimated 10-years survival of the whole set of patients is 39% (median survival 95 months). Patients with renal impairment show same OS as those without (p = 0.22). Patients show similar overall survival and event free survival regardless of type of transplant. We observed better outcome in terms of overall survival in patients treated with new drugs (p = 0.0014). Reaching CR or VGPR was not translated into better OS (p = 0.30) and EFS (p = 0.10). Also stage of the disease and whether single or double transplant was used did not make any significant difference in the outcome. CONCLUSION: Stem cell transplantation greatly improved outcome of patients with MM. Poor outcome of allogeneic transplantation in our group of patients is related to high transplant related mortality (20% vs. 0%) and unexpected high relapse rate. There is a trend towards better survival, when new drugs are incorporated at any time in the course of the disease. This fact supports hypothesis that use of these drugs with ASCT should translate into better long-term outcome. and J. Radocha, V. Maisnar, A. Zavrelová, M. Cermanová, M. Lánská, M. Kmonícek, L. Jebavý, M. Bláha, J. Malý, P. Zák