In this paper we establish the distribution of prime numbers in a given arithmetic progression $p \equiv l \hspace{4.44443pt}(\@mod \; k)$ for which $ap + b$ is squarefree.
We consider positional numeration system with negative base −β, as introduced by Ito and Sadahiro. In particular, we focus on arithmetical properties of such systems when β is a quadratic Pisot number. We study a class of roots β>1 of polynomials x2−mx−n, m≥n≥1, and show that in this case the set Fin(−β) of finite (−β)-expansions is closed under addition, although it is not closed under subtraction. A particular example is β=τ=12(1+5–√), the golden ratio. For such β, we determine the exact bound on the number of fractional digits appearing in arithmetical operations. We also show that the set of (−τ)-integers coincides on the positive half-line with the set of (τ2)-integers.
Arlenelepis harpiprioni gen. et sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea, Dilepididae) is described from the plumbeous ibis Harpiprion caerulescens (Vieillot) (Ciconiiformes, Threskiornithidae) in Province Concepción, Paraguay. This cestode is characterised by a very small body (not exceeding 5 mm in length) consisting of about 30 proglottides, musculo-glandular rostellar apparatus, rostellar hooks arranged in two regular rows, few testes (7-10 in number) situated mostly in a post-ovarian group but one testis pre-ovarian, a large oval cirrus sac reaching antiporal osmoregulatory canals, massive cirrus armed with needle-shaped and thorn-shaped spines, long convoluted vagina, and longitudinally elongate sacciform horseshoe-shaped uterus with deep lobes of the medial uterine wall. The new genus is unique among the family Dilepididae in possessing a rhynchus armed with conical spines.
Interwar Romania was infamous for its many violent political and
social scenes. Some of these scenes represented exclusionary violence in its basic form, such as riots against Jews (and sometimes against other minorities) in 1922 and most prominently in 1927. But many other forms of violence were customary in Greater Romania. Clashes between villagers, destruction of memorials and statues, armed violence against the opposition electorate,beating up of politicians and occasional revolts against the authorities concerned an ever-growing state security apparatus that was rarely able to control these eruptions. Their persistence makes them suspicious of being a systemic phenomenon. In this article I argue that violence in this widespread form was a structural characteristic of Greater Romania, the result of systemic factors in
the new state. A loosening of moral constraint due to the preceding first world war, subsequent revolutions (and paramilitary endeavours) and the deficiencies of the state together had a decisive impact on the formation of a political culture that fostered violence from time to time. These factors on the one hand legitimized violence as a form of political action and, on the other hand, they resulted from and impeded successful nation building, and the realizationof the state’s promises for the nation. Thus, interwar Romania became a failing nation state and as such it facilitated popular forms of violence that was widely felt being justified by the legitimacy enjoyed by the ideology of the
nation-state. and Obsahuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou