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3314. Budoucí kruhový urychlovač v CERN

Creator:
Taševský, Marek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fyzika, urychlovače, physics, accelerators, 6, and 53
Language:
Czech
Description:
Researchers at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) near Geneva have started to seriously discuss the need for a new large accelerator for future generations of particle physicists. The most likely scenario seems to be a collider built in the Geneva area with a circumference of 80 or 100 km in which protons would collide (as is the case of the existing Large Hadron Collider at CERN). Other options are also being considered, such as the electron-positron collider which would precede the proton machine or electron-proton collider. The main scientific motivation is to find signals of new physics (i.e. those not predicted by the Standard Model of elementary particles) and/or to measure properties of the recently discovered Higgs boson with much higher precision than that foreseen to be achieved by the end of LHC in about 20 years. A sufficiently fast development of various technologies is the key to this new powerful accelerator. For the proton machine, the main components are magnets with high magnetic field that are expected to be built based on high-temperature superconducting materials, while the lepton machine needs a new generation of accelerating cavities with a high gradient of electric field, high power transfer efficiency and high reliability., Marek Taševský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3317. Budoucnost mořských ekosystémů

Creator:
Ondřej Prášil
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, mořské ekosystémy, politika, marine ecosystems, politics, 12, and 00
Language:
Czech
Description:
Vědecký poradní výbor evropských akademií (European Academies Science Advisory Council - EASAC) sdružuje akademie věd členských zemí EU, Norska a Švýcarska. Záměrem EASAC je připravovat evropským politikům nezávislá vědecká stanoviska a doporučení - každoročně vydává několik souhrnných zpráv nejen pro politiky, ale i laickou veřejnost., Oceans and seas play a crucial role in regulating our climate, nurturing biodiversity, and providing income and food to people around the world. At COP21, governments across the globe agreed that a more aggressive limit for global warming should be set as an essential step toward a more stable relationship between the ocean and climate. In spite of this positive direction, however, marine sustainability faces many challenges, according to a new report issued by the European Academies of Science Advisory Council (EASAC) and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre., and Ondřej Prášil.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3319. Budování lokální a regionální organizace Národní strany v Čechách v 60. a 70. letech 19. století

Creator:
Velek, Lukáš
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
organisation of political parties, National Party (Old Czechs), and notable political parties
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper focuses on building a vertical organisational structure of notable parties in the Habsburg Monarchy in the 1860s and 1870s on the example of the National Party (Old Czech Party). It analyses contemporary press, announcements of political offices, correspondence of political leaders and the protocol of the parliamentary club. The key issue is the motivation of the leadership of emerging notable political parties (deputies, political leaders) to expand the party organisation from the top down (to town, district, and regional level) and its urgency in the context of forming a new political system and emerging national political conflicts in Bohemia. The paper outlines a gradual building of connections between the political centre (the Prague leadership of the National Party) and local, or regional, centres; searching for so called local trustees and the problem with their mobilisation during elections. The author deals also with organisational and structural changes of the political relations between the centre and the peripheries in the first twenty years after reintroduction of constitutionalism and parliamentarism in the Habsburg Empire (from recruiting local trustees, through assembling local election committees, to founding local and regional political societies). Th is development is put into the context of forming district government and of Bohemian election battles, which in the 1870s took place virtually every year. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pd čarou
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

3320. Budování oblasti A2/AD ''v'' a ''nad'' Českou republikou

Creator:
Chlup, Vladimír
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
mechanics and mechanika
Language:
Czech
Description:
Active radio technologies associated with the A2/AD concept of the East as well as passive Stealth and opto-electronic systems of the competing West have become a direct successor of missile and nuclear technology related to the elimination of the intermediate-range and shorter-range missiles treaty (INF Treaty) from 1987. Guided missiles and nuclear charges (employing ionizing radiation) developed in the laboratories of the Nazi Germany and the democratic United States during the World War II were setting the world events through the whole generation - since the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) to the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991). The INF Treaty reduced nuclear weapons significance at the global level and thus increased a role of local/regional interests and allowed for a development of information technologies leading to globalization. Now, after thirty years of internet and mobile networks development the situation has been changing slowly again. The INF Treaty has been abandoned and missiles are coming back on the scene, the nuclear alpha radiation, however, is being replaced by the electromagnetic radiation with a higher military usage potential. Though we do not know what we can expect in the next thirty years, still it is good to describe the starting point.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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