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1302. Basis of the relationship between ash content in the flag leaf and carbon isotope discrimination in kernels of durum wheat

Creator:
Araus, J. L., Casadesús, J., Asbati, A., and Nachit, M. M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
13C, 12C ratios, dry and fresh mass, grain filling, minerals, transpiration efficiency, and Triticum durum
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
The relationship between ash content and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was studied in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in a Mediterranean region (Northwest Syria) under three different water regimes (hereafter referred to as environments). In two of these environments, 144 genotypes were cultivated under rain-fed conditions. In the third environment, 125 genotypes were cultivated under irrigation. Ash content was measured in the flag leaf about 3 weeks after anthesis, whereas Δ was analysed in mature kernels. Total transpiration of the photosynthetic tissues of the culm contributing, from heading to maturity, to the filling of kernels was also estimated. Leaf ash content, expressed either on dry matter or leaf area basis or as total ash per blade, correlated positively (p< 0.001) with Δ in the three environments. However, this relationship was not the result of a positive correlation across genotypes between Δ and tissue water content. Moreover, only a small part of the variation in Δ across genotypes was explained by concomitant changes in ash content. When all genotypes across the three environments were plotted, Δ and ash content followed a non-linear relationship (r2 = 74), with Δ tending to a plateau as the ash content increased. However, for the set of genotypes and environments combined, total ash content per leaf blade was positively and linearly related (r2 = 0.76) with the accumulated culm transpiration. The non-linear nature of the relationship between ash content and Δ is sustained by the fact that culm transpiration also showed a non-linear relationship with kernel Δ. Therefore, differences in leaf ash content between environments, and to a lesser extent between genotypes, seem to be brought about by variations in accumulated transpiration during grain formation. and J. L. Araus ... [et al.].
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1303. Básník jako oběť, svědek i žalobce: kontradějiny v básnické skladbě Ivana Diviše Moje oči musely vidět (1987-1989)

Creator:
Vojvodík, Josef
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
lyrika, svědectví, dějiny, kritika historismu, fikce, faktualita, lyric, testimony, history, criticism of historicism, fiction, and factuality
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ivan Diviš’s My Eyes had to See (1987–1989) can be considered one of the finest poetic creations and performances of Czech poetry at the end of the 20th century. Its powerful effect lies in the fact that it combines poetic testimony, (auto)biographical intimacy, a suprapersonal, generally applicable message and a reflection on universal history and the modern Czech history of the last century in both fiction and fact. It is as if the identity of the poet is actually determined by the testimony: the poet is the one who sees, must see, and bear witness to what he sees.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1305. Basset force in numerical models of saltation

Creator:
Lukerchenko, Nikolay, Dolanský, Jindřich, and Vlasák, Pavel
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Basset force, bed load transport, numerical model, particle-bed collision, Bassetova historická síla, pohyb splavenin, numerický model, and kolise částice se dnem
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In numerical models of fluid flow with particles moving close to solid boundaries, the Basset force is usually calculated for the particle motion between particle-boundary collisions. The present study shows that the history force must also be taken into account regarding particle collisions with boundaries or with other particles. For saltation - the main mode of bed load transport - it is shown using calculations that two parts of the history force due to both particle motion in the fluid and to particle-bed collisions are comparable and substantially compensate one another. The calculations and comparison of the Basset force with other forces acting on a sand particle saltating in water flow are carried out for the different values of the transport stage. The conditions under which the Basset force can be neglected in numerical models of saltation are studied. and V numerických modelech proudění tekutin s pevnými částicemi v blízkosti pevné stěny je Bassetova historická síla obvykle počítána pro pohyb částice mezi jejími jednotlivými kolisemi se dnem. Předložená studie ukazuje, že při výpočtu Bassetovy historické síly je nutné brát v úvahu kolisi částice s pevným dnem nebo s jinými částicemi. Pro saltaci, hlavní typ pohybu splavenin u dna koryta, je na základě použitých výpočtů ukázáno, že dvě části Bassetovy historické síly, tj. síly způsobené pohybem částice v tekutině a kolisí částice se dnem, jsou srovnatelné a mohou se vzájemně významně kompensovat. Výpočet Bassetovy historické síly a její srovnání s ostatními silami působícími na písčitou částici při jejím saltačním pohybu ve vodě je uskutečněn pro různé hodnoty tzv. transport stage (poměr aktuálního a kritického smykového napětí na dně). Zároveň byly studovány podmínky, za nichž může být Bassetova historická síla v numerických modelech zanedbána.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1307. Bayesian estimation of the hydraulic and solute transport properties of a small-scale unsaturated soil column

Creator:
Moreira, Paulo H. S., van Genuchte, Martinus Th., Orlande, Helcio R. B., and Cotta, Renato M.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, hydraulic parameters, transport parameters, and soil column experiment
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In this study the hydraulic and solute transport properties of an unsaturated soil were estimated simultaneously from a relatively simple small-scale laboratory column infiltration/outflow experiment. As governing equations we used the Richards equation for variably saturated flow and a physical non-equilibrium dual-porosity type formulation for solute transport. A Bayesian parameter estimation approach was used in which the unknown parameters were estimated with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method through implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Sensitivity coefficients were examined in order to determine the most meaningful measurements for identifying the unknown hydraulic and transport parameters. Results obtained using the measured pressure head and solute concentration data collected during the unsaturated soil column experiment revealed the robustness of the proposed approach.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1308. Bayesian persuasion with costly information acquisition

Creator:
Matysková, Ludmila
Publisher:
CERGE-EI
Format:
electronic, bez média, svazek, and 40 stran : ilustrace.
Type:
model:monograph and TEXT
Subject:
Kombinatorika. Teorie grafů. Matematická statistika. Operační výzkum. Matematické modelování, Bayesova teorie, informace, teorie rozhodování, matematické modelování, Bayesian theory, information, decision theory, mathematical modeling, 519.226, 001.102, 519.673, (048.8), 13, and 519.1/.8
Language:
English and Czech
Description:
Ludmila Matysková., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1309. Bayesian reference analysis for proportional hazards model of random censorship with Weibull distribution

Creator:
Ajmal, Maria, Danish, Muhammad Yameen, and Tahira, Ayesha
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Jeffreys prior method, reference prior method, random censorship model, Kaplan-Meier survival estimate, and Henze goodness-of-fit test
Language:
English
Description:
This article deals with the objective Bayesian analysis of random censorship model with informative censoring using Weibull distribution. The objective Bayesian analysis has a long history from Bayes and Laplace through Jeffreys and is reaching the level of sophistication gradually. The reference prior method of Bernardo is a nice attempt in this direction. The reference prior method is based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the prior and the corresponding posterior distribution and easy to implement when the information matrix exists in closed-form. We apply this method to Weibull random censorship model and compare it with Jeffreys and maximum likelihood methods. It is observed that the closed-form expressions for the Bayes estimators are not possible; we use importance sampling technique to obtain the approximate Bayes estimates. The behaviour of maximum likelihood and Bayes estimators is observed via extensive numerical simulation. The proposed methodology is used for the analysis of a real-life data for illustration and appropriateness of the model is tested by Henze goodness-of-fit test.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1310. Bayle a Mandeville. Dvě rané konceptualizace společnosti ateistů

Creator:
Tomeček, Marek
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Pierre Bayle, Bernard Mandeville, ateismus, slib, čest, atheism, promise, honour, Atheismus, Eid, and Ehre
Language:
Czech
Description:
Společnost složená z ateistů byla v raném novověku považována za nemožnou, neboť panovalo všeobecné přesvědčení, že na slovo ateisty se nedá spolehnout, protože se nebojí posmrtného trestu. Ateisté nemohou tedy dlouhodobě spolupracovat a vytvořit společnost. Jako první polemizoval s tímto přístupem Pierre Bayle, jeho žák Bernard Mandeville však o padesát let později jeho stanovisko odmítl. O upřímnosti argumentů vznášených v souvislosti s otázkou ateismu koncem sedmnáctého a počátkem osmnáctého století je však možné vždy pochybovat, protože ateismus byl v té době trestný postoj a nikdo se k němu veřejně nehlásil. Proto někteří ateisté psali z předstíraně teistických pozic a svými záměrně slabými argumenty, jimiž podporovali Boží existenci, víru naopak podrývali, jak ukazuje případ Anthonyho Collinse. Ovšem ateismus takových autorů není možné prokázat z jejich publikovaných textů, ale jedině z jiných dokumentů a vzpomínek jejich současníků. Právě takový metodologický přístup nám při analýze koncepcí Pierra Bayla a Bernarda Mandevilla umožní dospět k novým závěrům ohledně jejich představ o fungování náboženství ve společnosti., A society composed of atheists was thought impossible in early modern Europe. An atheist, it was believed, will not keep a promise since he or she does not fear divine retribution. Thus, atheists cannot cooperate in a long-term enterprise and form a viable society. Pierre Bayle was the first thinker to challenge this common assumption, though some fifty years later his follower Bernard Mandeville rejected his arguments. But the sincerity of such arguments is always questionable in the early modern period, it being illegal and punishable to publicly advocate atheism. Some atheists, as was demonstrated to be the case with Anthony Collins, wrote from contrived theistic positions, actually trying to undermine Christianity with purposefully weak arguments for the existence of God. But the atheism of such authors cannot be deduced from their published writings, only from other of their documents and from their contemporaries’ memoirs. Applying this methodological insight to Bayle and Mandeville will enable us to see their arguments for and against an atheistic society in a new light., and Eine aus Atheisten bestehende Gesellschaft galt in der frühen Neuzeit als ein Ding der Unmöglichkeit, da die allgemeine Überzeugung herrschte, auf das Wort eines Atheisten sei kein Verlass, weil dieser keine Angst vor einer Bestrafung nach dem Tod habe. Atheisten könnten also nicht langfristig kooperieren und eine Gesellschaft aufbauen. Als erster polemisierte Pierre Bayle mit diesem Ansatz, wobei sein Schüler Bernard Mandeville diesen Standpunkt fünfzig Jahre später ablehnte. Die Ehrlichkeit der Argumente im Zusammenhang mit der Frage des Atheismus Ende des 17. und Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts kann jedoch in Zweifel gezogen werden, da Atheismus zu der Zeit unter Strafe stand und sich niemand öffentlich zum Atheismus bekannte. Deshalb schrieben manche Atheisten aus einer vorgetäuschten theistischen Position heraus und trugen mit absichtlich schwachen Argumenten für die Existenz Gottes zu einer Untergrabung des Glaubens bei, wie bei Anthony Collins zu sehen ist. Ein Atheismus kann bei diesen Autoren jedoch nicht anhand veröffentlichter Texte nachgewiesen werden; dies ist nur durch andere Dokumente sowie durch Erinnerungen ihrer Zeitgenossen möglich. Dieser methodologische Ansatz ermöglicht es uns, bei der Analyse der Konzepte Pierre Bayles und Bernard Mandevilles zu neuen Erkenntnissen hinsichtlich der Vorstellung dieser beiden Autoren bezüglich der Funktion der Religion in der Gesellschaft zu gelangen.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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