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612. Adaptation of the heart to hypertension is associated with maladaptive gap junction connexin-43 remodeling
- Creator:
- Marcela Fialová, Katarína Dlugošová, Ľudmila Okruhlicová, Kristek, F., Manoach, M., and Narcisa Tribulová
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, hypertenze, srdeční arytmie, physiology, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, gap junction remodeling, connexin-43, malignant arrhythmias, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We hypothesized that hypertension-related myocardial remodeling characterized by hypertrophy and fibrosis might be accompanied by cell-to-cell gap junction alterations that may account for increased arrhythmogenesis. Intercellular junctions and expression of gap junction protein connexin-43 were analyzed in rat heart tissues from both spontaneous (SHR) and L-NAME model of hypertension. Isolated heart preparation was used to examine susceptibility of the heart to lethal ventricular fibrillation induced by low potassium perfusion. Ultrastructure observation revealed enhanced neoformation of side-to-side type while internalization of end-to-end type (intercalated disc-related) of gap junctions prevailed in the myocardium of rats suffering from either spontaneous or L-NAME-induced hypertension. In parallel, immunolabeling showed increased number of connexin-43 positive gap junctions in lateral cell membrane surfaces, particularly in SHR. Besides, focal loss of immunopositive signal was observed more frequently in hearts of rats treated with L-NAME. There was a significantly higher incidence of hypokalemia-induced ventricular fibrillation in hypertensive compared to normotensive rat hearts. We conclude that adaptation of the heart to hypertension-induced mechanical overload results in maladaptive gap junction remodeling that consequently promotes development of fatal arrhythmias., M. Fialová, K. Dlugošová, L. Okrouhlicová, F. Kristek, M. Manoach, N. Tribulová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a biblioigrafické údaje
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
613. Adaptation strategies of two leaf cohorts of Prosopis juliflora produced in spring and monsoon
- Creator:
- Shirke, P. A., Pathre, U. V., and Sane, P. V.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- asimilace uhlíku, carbon assimilation, carboxylation efficiency, dark respiration rate, quantum efficiency, tree photosynthesis, water-use efficiency, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Prosopis juliflora is an invasive leguminous tree species growing profusely under wide environmental conditions. Primary objective of this study was to investigate adaptation strategies evolved to deal with wide environmental conditions during different seasons. P. juliflora adapts through a production of leaves in two seasons, namely, the spring (the first cohort) and monsoon (the second cohort) with differing but optimal physiological characteristics for growth in respective seasons. Our studies show that the first cohort of leaves exhibit maximum carbon fixation under moderate temperatures and a wide range of PPFD. However, these leaves are sensitive to high leaf-to-air-vapor pressure deficit (VPD) occurring at high temperatures in summer resulting in senescence. While the second cohort of leaves produced during monsoon showed maximum carbon fixation at high irradiance and temperatures with low VPD, it is sensitive to low temperatures causing senescence in winter., P. A. Shirke, U. V. Pathre, P. V. Sane., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
614. Adaptive output feedback stabilization for nonlinear systems with unknown polynomial-of-output growth rate and sensor uncertainty
- Creator:
- Shen, Yanjun and Lin, Lei
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- adaptive stabilization, polynomial-of-output growth rate, measurement sensitivity, output feedback, and observer
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this paper, the problem of adaptive output feedback stabilization is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems with sensor uncertainty in measured output and a growth rate of polynomial-of-output multiplying an unknown constant in the nonlinear terms. By developing a dual-domination approach, an adaptive observer and an output feedback controller are designed to stabilize the nonlinear system by directly utilizing the measured output with uncertainty. Besides, two types of extension are made such that the proposed methods of adaptive output feedback stabilization can be applied for nonlinear systems with a large range of sensor uncertainty. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
615. Adaptive photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought and rewatering in triploid Populus populations
- Creator:
- Liao, T., Wang, Y., Xu, C. P., Li, Y., and Kang, X. Y.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- topol, populace (biologie), poplar, population (biology), chlorofylová fluorescence, výměna plynu, malondialdehyd, stomatální omezení, deficit vody, sucho, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, malondialdehyde, stomatal limitation, water deficit, drought, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Cuttings of Populus cathayana Rehd, originating from three triploid and one diploid populations with the same parents but different gamete origins, were used to examine physiological responses to drought stress and rewatering by exposure to three progressive water regimes. Progressive drought stress significantly decreased the leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and increased the relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro), and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, in the four populations evaluated. However, compared to the diploid population, triploid populations showed lower relative electrolyte leakage and MDA, higher RWC and Pro content, and more efficient photosynthesis and antioxidant systems under the same water regime. Our data indicated that triploid populations possessed more efficient protective mechanisms than that of diploid population with gradually increasing drought stress. Moreover, some triploid genotypes were less tolerant to water stress than that of diploids due to large intrapopulation overlap., T. Liao, Y. Wang, C. P. Xu, Y. Li, X. Y. Kang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
616. Adaptive photosynthetic strategies of the Mediterranean maquis species according to their origin
- Creator:
- Gratani, L. and Varone, L.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Arbutus, Cistus, drought period, Erica, Phillyrea, Pistacia, Quercus, recovery capacity, Rosmarinus, and stomatal conductance
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- In consideration of their origin the adaptive strategies of the evergreen species of the Mediterranean maquis were analysed. Rosmarinus officinalis L., Erica arborea L., and Erica multiflora L. had the lowest net photosynthetic rate (PN) in the favourable period [7.8±0.6 μmol(CO2) m-2s-1, mean value], the highest PN decrease (on an average 86 % of the maximum) but the highest recovery capacity (>70 % of the maximum) at the first rainfall in September. Cistus incanus L. and Arbutus unedo L. had the highest PN during the favourable period [15.5±5.2 μmol(CO2) m-2s-1, mean value], 79 % decrease during drought, and a lower recovery capacity (on an average 54 %). Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea latifolia L., and Pistacia lentiscus L. had an intermediate PN in the favourable period [9.2±1.3 μmol(CO2) m-2s-1, mean value], a lower reduction during drought (on an average 63 %), and a range from 62 % (Q. ilex and P. latifolia) to 39 % (P. lentiscus) of recovery capacity. The Mediterranean species had higher decrease in PN and stomatal conductance during drought and a higher recovery capacity than the pre-Mediterranean species. Among the pre-Mediterranean species, P. latifoliahad the best adaptation to long drought periods also by its higher leaf mass per area (LMA) which lowered leaf temperature thus decreasing transpiration rate during drought. Moreover, its leaf longevity determined a more stable leaf biomass during the year. Among the Mediteranean species, R. officinalis was the best adapted species to short drought periods by its ability to rapidly recover. Nevertheless, R. officinalis had the lowest tolerance to high temperatures by its PN dropping below half its maximum value when leaf temperature was over 33.6°C. R. officinalismay be used as a bioindicator species of global change. and L. Gratani, L. Varone.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
617. Adaptivity and truth. A critique of Plantinga’s reasoning against evolutionary reliabilism
- Creator:
- Fábiková, Andrea
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Alvin Plantinga, Darwin’s doubt, evolutionary reliabilism, and the evolutionary argument against naturalism
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper analyses the arguments put forward by Plantinga to justify his refutation of evolutionary reliabilism, i.e. the claim that the probability that the cognitive faculties, developed in the process of unguided evolution, are reliable is low. I argue that all the thought experiments offered by Plantinga to justify this thesis suffer from a common defect – they disregard the condition of evolution or fail to take it into account properly. In addition, I argue that pointing out the difficulties that naturalistic approaches have in explaining mental causation does not lead to Plantinga’s conclusion that in a naturalistic world there would be no mental causation whatsoever.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
618. Adaptivní fylogeografie: od molekulárních markerů k funkčním genům
- Creator:
- Kotlík, Petr, Marková, Silvia, Filipi, Karolína, Strážnická, Michaela, and Searle, Jeremy B.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, fylogeografie, adaptace živočichů, savci, genetika živočichů, animal adaptation, biology, phylogeography, mammals, animal genetics, Velká Británie, Great Britain, adaptivní fylogeografie, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Dlouhou dobu se předpokládalo, že populace obývající určitá území Evropy také tato území na konci doby ledové kolonizovaly jako první. Nové výzkumy však ukázaly, že v některých případech byla první příchozí populace později nahrazena jinou, pocházející z jiného glaciálního refugia. Náš článek ukazuje, že k takovému nahrazení jedné populace druhou došlo při kolonizaci Velké Británie norníkem rudým (Clethrionomys glareolus) a že při tom hrály roli fyziologické adaptace způsobené mutací v hemoglobinu., It has long been assumed that the populations that first colonized particular empty territory after the last ice age have remained there until the present day. However, recent findings in small mammals suggest that replacements involving a population from one glacial refugium at the cost of a population from another refugium may have been a not infrequent event. The article demonstrates that such population replacement took place during post-glacial colonization of Great Britain by the Bank Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and that physiological differences conferred by haemoglobin have probably played a role in this process., and Petr Kotlík, Silvia Marková, Karolína Filipi, Michaela Strážnická, Jeremy B. Searle.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
619. Adaptivní optika - ovládnutí fáze světla
- Creator:
- Pilař, Jan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- optika, optics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Během posledních třiceti let se adaptivní optika proměnila z vysoce sofistikované, nákladné a utajované technologie v běžnou součást pozemských teleskopů, mikroskopů, laserových systémů či nastupujících systémů pro satelitní komunikaci. Podívejme se zblízka na technologie, které byly pro její účely vyvinuty a stojí za jejím úspěchem., In the last thirty years adaptive optics have transformed from a highly sophisticated, expensive and secret technology into a common component of earth-bound telescopes, microscopes, laser systems or emerging systems for satellite communication. Let‘s take a closer look at these technologies which have been developed within this field and stands behind its success., Jan Pilař., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
620. Adaptivní optika v astronomii
- Creator:
- Řeháček, Jaroslav and Stoklasa, Bohumil
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika, astronomie, adaptivní optika, physics, astronomy, optics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Adaptavní optické systémy se vyznačují schopností měnit své optické vlastnosti na požádání a v reálném čase. V tomto příspěvku jsou diskutovány základní prvky adaptivních optických systémů využívaných v astronomii ke kompenzaci vlivu atmosféry na zobrazení velkých pozemských teleskopů., Adaptive optical systems are those whose optical responses can be adjusted on demand, in real time. Here we discuss the basics of adaptive optical systems utilised in astronomy for compensation of aberrations due to atmospheric turbulence, which seriously impairs the performance of uncorrected large ground-based telescopes., Jaroslav Řeháček, Bohumil Stoklasa., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public